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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Quantum Covariance, Quantum Fisher Information, and the Uncertainty Relations

Paolo Gibilisco, Fumio Hiai, Dėnes Petz

Published Jan 1, 2009• 59 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the relation between quantum covariances and quantum Fisher informations is studied. This study is applied to generalize a recently proved uncertainty relation based on quantum Fisher information. The proof given here considerably simplifies the previously proposed proofs and leads to more general inequalities.
DOI
10.1109/tit.2008.2008142

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For a quantum state and a set of observables, we can construct an associated covariance matrix and a natural quantum Fisher information matrix. These two matrices characterize the uncertainty and information content of the observables in the relevant state. An inequality between these two matrices is established. This inequality may be interpreted as a general quantification of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle from a statistical estimation perspective. In particular, it implies a new uncertainty relation which refines the celebrated Schrödinger uncertainty relation.
The proof of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation is modified to produce two improvements: (a) The resulting inequality is stronger because it includes the covariance between the two observables, and (b) the proof lifts certain restrictions on the state to which the relation is applied, increasing its generality. The restrictions necessary for the standard inequality to apply are not widely known, and they are discussed in detail. The classical analog of the Heisenberg relation is also derived, and the two are compared. Finally, the modified relation is used to address the apparent paradox that eigenfunctions of the z component of angular momentum Lz do not satisfy the φ–Lz Heisenberg relation; the resolution is that the restrictions mentioned above make the usual inequality inapplicable to these states. The modified relation does apply, however, and it is shown to be consistent with explicit calculations.