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IET Communications

Secure multiple‐input single‐output communication – Part II: δ ‐secrecy symbol error probability and secrecy diversity

Thang Van Nguyen, Youngmin Jeong, Jin Sam Kwak, Hyundong Shin

Published May 1, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors consider secure beamforming with artificial noise in a multiple‐input single‐output multiple‐eavesdropper (MISOME) wiretap channel, where a transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate channel but only partial CSI of eavesdropper channels. In the second part of this study, the authors first put forth a new notion of symbol error probability (SEP) for confidential information – called the ‘ δ ‐secrecy SEP’ – to connect the reliability and confidentiality of the legitimate communication in MISOME wiretap channels. For single‐antenna colluding and non‐colluding eavesdroppers, the authors then quantify the diversity impact of secure beamforming with artificial noise on the δ ‐secrecy SEP and show that the artificial ‐noise strategy with n t transmit antennas preserves the secrecy diversity of order n t − n e for n e colluding eavesdroppers and n t − 1 for n e non‐colluding eavesdroppers, respectively. In addition, the authors determine the optimal power allocation between the information‐bearing signal and artificial noise to minimise the δ ‐secrecy SEP in the presence of weak or strong eavesdroppers, and further develop the switched power allocation for general eavesdropping attacks.

DOI
10.1049/iet-com.2013.0564

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The authors consider secure beamforming with artificial noise in a multiple‐input single‐output multiple‐eavesdropper (MISOME) wiretap channel, where a transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate channel but only partial CSI of eavesdropper channels. In the second part of this study, the authors first put forth a new notion of symbol error probability (SEP) for confidential information – called the ‘ δ ‐secrecy SEP’ – to connect the reliability and confidentiality of the legitimate communication in MISOME wiretap channels. For single‐antenna colluding and non‐colluding eavesdroppers, the authors then quantify the diversity impact of secure beamforming with artificial noise on the δ ‐secrecy SEP and show that the artificial ‐noise strategy with n t transmit antennas preserves the secrecy diversity of order n t − n e for n e colluding eavesdroppers and n t − 1 for n e non‐colluding eavesdroppers, respectively. In addition, the authors determine the optimal power allocation between the information‐bearing signal and artificial noise to minimise the δ ‐secrecy SEP in the presence of weak or strong eavesdroppers, and further develop the switched power allocation for general eavesdropping attacks.
We consider secure beamforming with artificial noise in a multiple-input single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) wiretap channel, where a transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate channel but only partial CSI of eavesdropper channels. In this paper, we first put forth a notion of symbol error probability (SEP) for confidential information—called the δ-secrecy SEP—to connect the reliability and confidentiality of the legitimate communication in MISOME wiretap channels. For single-antenna colluding and non-colluding eavesdroppers, we determine the optimal power allocation between the information-bearing signal and artificial noise to minimize the δ-secrecy SEP in the presence of weak or strong eavesdroppers, and further develop the switched power allocation for general eavesdropping attacks.
The use of multiple-antenna arrays can leverage the physical-layer security of wireless systems. It is therefore important to characterize such systems in a realistic situation where we can apply the so-called artificial-noise solution in multiple-antenna systems to enhance the communication confidentiality by only exploiting a fading nature of wireless environments. In this paper, we consider secure communication over a multiple-input single-output Rayleigh-fading channel in the presence of a multiple-antenna eavesdropper-referred to as a multiple-input single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) wiretap channel. Specifically, secure beamforming with artificial noise is treated when the transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate channel but only channel distribution information of an eavesdropper channel. We first put forth a new notion of the symbol error probability (SEP) of confidential information-called the δ-secrecy SEP-to connect the reliability and confidentiality of the legitimate communication. We then quantify the diversity impact of secure beamforming with artificial noise on the δ-secrecy SEP in the MISOME wiretap channel and show that the artificial-noise strategy preserves the secrecy diversity of order nt- nefor nttransmit and neeavesdropper antennas.
The use of multiple‐antenna arrays has attracted much attention for the physical layer security of wireless systems, where the so‐called artificial‐noise solution can be applied to enhance the communication confidentiality. In the first part of this study, the authors consider secure communication over a multiple‐input single‐output Rayleigh‐fading channel in the presence of a multiple‐antenna eavesdropper – referred to as a multiple‐input single‐output multiple‐eavesdropper (MISOME) wiretap channel. Specifically, secure beamforming with artificial noise is treated when the transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate channel but only partial CSI of an eavesdropper channel. First, the optimal power allocation between the information‐bearing signal and artificial noise (or simulated interference) is derived to maximise the achievable secrecy rate in the presence of a weak or strong eavesdropper. Then, the first‐order optimal power allocation strategy is developed in a switched fashion by selecting the best of weak‐ and strong‐eavesdropper solutions for a general eavesdropping attack, and a closed‐form expression is derived for the ergodic secrecy rate achieved by secure beamforming with this switched power allocation in the MISOME wiretap channel. The numerical results show that the switched power allocation is a simple but effective approach that nearly achieves the optimal secrecy rate.
In this paper, we consider secure communication over a multiple-input single-output Rayleigh-fading channel in the presence of a multiple-antenna eavesdropper - referred to as a multiple-input single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) wiretap channel. Specifically, secure beamforming with artificial noise is treated when the transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate channel but only partial statistical CSI of an eavesdropper channel. We first derive the optimal power allocation between the information-bearing signal and artificial noise (or simulated interference) to maximize the achievable secrecy rate in the presence of a weak or strong eavesdropper. We then develop a near-optimal power allocation strategy in a switched fashion for a general case and derive a closed-form expression for the ergodic secrecy rate achieved by secure beamforming with this switched power allocation in the MISOME wiretap channel.
We consider transmission of confidential data over multiple-input single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) Rayleigh-fading wiretap channels. The transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate link but only partial CSI of an eavesdropper link in forms of the average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR). In this location-aware scenario, we develop the optimal power allocation strategy that maximizes the secrecy rate achievable by beamforming. The optimal power control is regulated in an on-off fashion with the threshold depending only on the numbers of antennas and the average SNRs. By rescuing the vanishing high-SNR degree of freedom for secure communication from this optimal on-off beamforming with the artificial noise scheme, we further derive the achievable ergodic secrecy rate of MISOME wiretap channels in closed form.
This paper studies the artificial noise (AN) aided beamforming design in the multiple-input, single-output, and multiple-eavesdropper wiretap channel from the perspective of secrecy outage. Unlike many existing works, which directly adopted the traditional null-space AN scheme, we start with a general assumption on the structure of the transmit signal, and seek to find the optimal structure by solving a secrecy outage probability (SOP) constrained secrecy rate maximization problem. By generalizing several existing conclusions regarding a single-antenna eavesdropper, we prove that the null-space AN scheme is indeed optimal for an arbitrary number of the eavesdropper’s antennas from the perspective of secrecy outage. Furthermore, the optimal power allocation between the information-bearing signal and the AN is found under both general conditions and the conservative assumption that the eavesdropper can be arbitrarily close to the transmitter or his receiver noise power can be arbitrarily low. It is also found that the increase in the eavesdropper’s antenna number is equivalent to requiring a smaller SOP under the conservative assumption. The results in this paper can help generalize existing design solutions for single-antenna eavesdroppers to multi-antenna eavesdroppers.