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Laser Physics Letters

Buffer excitation of squeezed light

Vladimir P Bykov

Published Nov 23, 2004• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The main features of squeezed light are described. Specifically, we reveal that the evolution of the squeezed light excited in the degenerate regime of parametric oscillation considerably differs from that of the light excited in the nondegenerate regime. It is demonstrated that in the nondegenerate regime (which is the actual regime of parametric oscillation) the minimum variance of the quantum state decreases only at the initial stage of excitation; afterwards the minimum variance starts to rise (as the maximum variance), thus obstructing the increase in the squeezing coefficient. The difference between the excitation regime of a typical laser and that of a parametric oscillator is discussed. We show that in a parametric oscillator the competition between central and side frequencies of the cavity spectrum is practically absent due to the smallness of nonlinearity factor, and, as a consequence, the width of the generated spectrum line does not narrow. In order to increase the competition between the frequency components, a buffer regime of the parametric-oscillating excitation is suggested. With the help of numerical simulations we show that this competition is really increased in the buffer regime.

DOI
10.1002/lapl.200410148

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The main features of squeezed light are described. Specifically, we reveal that the evolution of the squeezed light excited in the degenerate regime of parametric oscillation considerably differs from that of the light excited in the nondegenerate regime. It is demonstrated that in the nondegenerate regime (which is the actual regime of parametric oscillation) the minimum variance of the quantum state decreases only at the initial stage of excitation; afterwards the minimum variance starts to rise (as the maximum variance), thus obstructing the increase in the squeezing coefficient. The difference between the excitation regime of a typical laser and that of a parametric oscillator is discussed. We show that in a parametric oscillator the competition between central and side frequencies of the cavity spectrum is practically absent due to the smallness of nonlinearity factor, and, as a consequence, the width of the generated spectrum line does not narrow. In order to increase the competition between the frequency components, a buffer regime of the parametric-oscillating excitation is suggested. With the help of numerical simulations we show that this competition is really increased in the buffer regime.
We consider a nondegenerate three-level laser in which the three-level atoms are in a cascade configuration, the laser cavity contains a degenerate parametric oscillator, and one of the cavity modes is driven by coherent light.We have analyzed the effects of the degenerate parametric oscillator and the driving coherent light on the laser using the expectation values of the cavity mode variables at a steady state.The results show that the two-mode light produced by the system under consideration exhibits quadrature squeezing.The presence of nonlinear crystal in the laser cavity generates a single-mode squeezed light and also enhances the degree of squeezing of the two-mode light.Although the driving coherent light has no effect on quadrature squeezing, it increases the intensity of the cavity modes.
The effect of squeezing on the degenerate parametric oscillator is studied. It is shown that when the ordinary-vacuum reservoir is replaced by a squeezed-vacuum reservoir, the maximum 50% limit of the second-order squeezing inside the cavity can be crossed. It is also shown that the mean number of photons increases considerably. An exact steady-state solution for the Fokker-Planck equation for the field mode is also presented. The photon distribution for the intracavity field and the higher-order variances have been obtained by using the solution of this equation.
We study the squeezing properties of the light generated by nondegenerate three-level laser in which the three-level atoms are in cascade configuration with degenerate parametric oscillator. We obtain the c-number Langevin equations associated with the normal ordering using the pertinent master equation. Making use of the solutions of the c-number Langevin equations, we calculate the quadrature variances. The results show that the two-mode light produced by the system under consideration is in squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. The degree of squeezing increase with the linear gain coefficient and almost perfect squeezing can be obtained for large values of the linear gain coefficient and the atoms initially prepared in lower level slightly greater than in the upper level. Moreover, the presence of nonlinear crystal increases the degree of squeezing for single mode and two-mode lights.
We investigate the quantum statistical properties of the light emitted by a quantum well interacting with squeezed light from a degenerate subthreshold optical parametric oscillator. We obtain analytical solutions for the pertinent quantum Langevin equations in the strong-coupling and low-excitation regimes. Using these solutions we calculate the intensity spectrum, autocorrelation function, and quadrature squeezing for the fluorescent light. We show that the fluorescent light exhibits bunching and quadrature squeezing. We also show that the squeezed light leads to narrowing of the width of the spectrum of the fluorescent light.
Squeezed light, in which the quantum noise in one amplitude component is reduced below the vacuum level, has been generated using parametric processes. The starting point described here is the nonlinear Schrodinger equation which models light propagating through optical fibers. When such a dispersive nonlinear medium with a third-order susceptibility is pumped with an optical beam, squeezing can result. It is found that the degree of squeezing oscillates as a function of fiber length in the normal dispersion regime, whereas in the anomalous dispersion regime, it grows exponentially with fiber length. Examination of squeezing near the fiber’s zero dispersion wavelength shows that odd-order dispersive terms have no effect on squeezing. However, small values of higher-order even terms have significant effects on squeezing. In practice, high-frequency components of the squeezing spectrum are difficult to obtain. However, it is shown that a cross-correlation technique may be used to explore the frequency dependence of the squeezing spectrum.
Resonance fluorescence from a single two-level atom driven by a beam of squeezed light is studied in the weak-field limit. We consider the situation where the atom is coupled to the ordinary vacuum and only a few field modes corresponding to the driving field are squeezed. The field produced by the degenerate optical parametric oscillator is used as the driving field. Heisenberg equations of motion are solved in the steady-state and analytic expressions for the fluorescent-light intensity and the spectrum of fluorescent light are derived. We also consider photon statistics of fluorescent light. In particular, squeezing, antibunching, and sub-Poissonian statistics of fluorescent photons are discussed, and analytic expressions for the quadrature variance and the two-time intensity correlation function are presented. Contrary to the case of coherent excitation, the second-order intensity correlation function does not factorize. This and other differences are discussed, and curves are presented to illustrate the behavior of various quantities. We also present results for thermal excitation of the atom.