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Optics Express

Nonlinear optical frequency conversion with stopped short light pulses

J. T. Li, Jianying Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2006• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Efficient nonlinear optical frequency conversion is proposed and theoretically demonstrated by use of stopped short light pulses in a doubly resonant Bragg reflector. The pump pulse is shown to decelerate and stop in the reflector, and the stopped pump field reinforces the interaction with stimulated Raman scattering. The temporal walk-off between the pump pulse and the generated Raman pulse can be substantially reduced with the doubly resonant Bragg structure. Numerical simulations show that the conversion from the picosecond pump pulse to Stokes wave can reach 85%.

DOI
10.1364/oe.14.002811

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Efficient nonlinear optical frequency conversion is proposed and theoretically demonstrated by use of stopped short light pulses in a doubly resonant Bragg reflector. The pump pulse is shown to decelerate and stop in the reflector, and the stopped pump field reinforces the interaction with stimulated Raman scattering. The temporal walk-off between the pump pulse and the generated Raman pulse can be substantially reduced with the doubly resonant Bragg structure. Numerical simulations show that the conversion from the picosecond pump pulse to Stokes wave can reach 85%.
A practical method of slowing and stopping an incident ultrashort light pulse with a resonantly absorbing Bragg reflector is demonstrated numerically. It is shown that an incident laser pulse with suitable pulse area evolves from a given pulse waveform into a stable, spatially-localized oscillating or standing gap soliton. We show that multiple gap solitons can be simultaneously spatially localized, resulting in efficient optical energy conversion and storage in the resonantly absorbing Bragg structure as atomically coherent states.
Slow and fast light (SFL) in nonlinear media has attracted considerable interest for several years and has been observed in plenty of configurations. It generally requires a sharp spectral resonance which in turn results in a strong change of the group velocity at the resonance, thus leading to optical delaying or advancement. SFL has also been observed in optical fibres by taking advantage of the parametric gain, stimulated Brillouin or Raman scattering, leading to the development of all-optical tunable fiber-based delay lines at telecommunication wavelengths. But the implications of SFL go well beyond pulse delaying or advancement. As the group and phase velocities have to be distinguished one from another in a slow-light medium, this can have other important implications, in particular on the pulse walk-off or on the frequency chirp. We recently demonstrated in a Raman medium with normal dispersion that pulse walk-off between the pump and the signal can be cancelled out despite the large frequency detuning, leading to an increasing interaction length and enhancement Raman conversion efficiency.
We experimentally demonstrate efficient Raman conversion to respective Stokes and anti-Stokes fields in both pulsed and continuous modes with a Rb-87 atomic vapor cell. The conversion efficiency is about 40-50% for the Stokes field and 20-30% for the anti-Stokes field, respectively. This conversion process is realized with feedback of both the Raman pump and the frequency-converted fields (Stokes or anti-Stokes). The experimental setup is very simple and can be applied easily to produce the light source with larger frequency difference using other Raman media. They may have wide applications in nonlinear optics, atomic physics, quantum optics and precise measurement.
We present a quantum-mechanical model that describes fiber-based frequency conversion by four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in the presence of Raman interactions. In the case of continuous-wave pumps, we find closed-form expressions for the conversion efficiency and photon statistics characterized by the second-order correlation function. For pulsed pumps, we derive a highly general model based on Green functions and provide a numerical solution method using a split-step scheme. In both cases, we find that noise from spontaneous Raman scattering can pose a serious challenge to this type of frequency conversion if the pumps are less than 30 THz from the quantum fields. However, this impact can be mitigated with cross-polarized pumps and, on the anti-Stokes side, through fiber cooling.