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International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering

A quantum key distribution protocol of resisting combined noise

Hefei Cao

Published Oct 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present two different efficient quantum key distribution schemes over two different collective-noise channels. One is the phase noise, and the other is rotating noise. For the phase noise, we proposed a scheme of using GHZ state. Through the channel of the phase noise, the phase factor eiϕcan be put forward as a whole phase, with the purpose of resistance to phase noise. For the rotating noise, we proposed a scheme of using Bell state, when the noise through the rotating channel, the impact of the noise can be effectively against.

DOI
10.1109/fitme.2010.5656162

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We present two different efficient quantum key distribution schemes over two different collective-noise channels. One is the phase noise, and the other is rotating noise. For the phase noise, we proposed a scheme of using GHZ state. Through the channel of the phase noise, the phase factor eiϕcan be put forward as a whole phase, with the purpose of resistance to phase noise. For the rotating noise, we proposed a scheme of using Bell state, when the noise through the rotating channel, the impact of the noise can be effectively against.
Quantum key distribution(QKD) is an important area in quantum information theory. There are two kinds of QKD protocols, one is so-called prepare-measure protocols and the other is entanglement-based protocols. For long-distance communications in a noisy environment, entangled-based protocols might be more reliable since they could be supplied by distilled procedures which protect them from noises. In this paper, entanglement-based QKD over certain noisy channels are discussed. We give schemes against collective noises, including collective dephasing(CD) and collective rotation(CR), Pauli noises, amplitude damping(AD) noises, phase damping(PD) noises and mixtures of them. Our discussions are in a direction about how to implement a QKD protocol over noisy channels as in a noiseless channels with no errors, in theoretical. Also, we analyse the efficiency of our schemes, demonstrating that they could be more efficient than the standard entanglement-based QKD scheme.
We present two efficient quantum key distribution schemes over two different collective-noise channels. The accepted hypothesis of collective noise is that photons travel inside a time window small compared to the variation of noise. Noiseless subspaces are made up of two Bell states and the spatial degree of freedom is introduced to form two nonorthogonal bases. Although these protocols resort to entangled states for encoding the key bit, the receiver is only required to perform single-particle product measurements and there is no basis mismatch. Moreover, the detection is passive as the receiver does not switch his measurements between two conjugate measurement bases to get the key.
Using three-photon polarization-entangled GHZ states or W states, we propose controlled quantum key distribution protocols for circumventing two main types of collective noise, collective dephasing noise, or collective rotation noise. Irrespective of the number of controllers, a three-photon state can generate a one-bit secret key. The storage technique of quantum states is dispensable for the controller and the receiver, and it therefore allows performing the process in a more convenient mode. If the photon cost in a security check is disregarded, then the efficiency theoretically approaches unity.
Channel noise is the main issue which reduces the efficiency of quantum communication. Here we present an efficient scheme for quantum key distribution against collective-rotation channel noise using polarization and transverse spatial mode of photons. Exploiting the two single-photon Bell states and two-photon hyperentangled Bell states in the polarization and the transverse spatial mode degrees of freedom (DOFs), the mutually unbiased bases can be encoded for logical qubits against the collective-rotation noise. Our scheme shows noiseless subspaces can be made up of two DOFs of two photons instead of multiple photons, which will reduce the resources required for noiseless subspaces and depress the photonic loss sensitivity. Moreover, the two single-photon Bell states and two-photon hyperentangled Bell states are symmetrical to the two photons, which means the relative order of the two photons is not required in our scheme, so the receiver only needs to measure the state of each photon, which makes our protocol easy to execute in experiment than the previous works.
In this paper, two classes of multiparticle entangled states are constructed to resist against the collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise, respectively. Based on it, two new multipartite quantum key agreement protocols over the collective noise are presented. In each protocol, only one user needs to prepare the multiparticle quantum entangled state. Then, the user keeps the first qubit, and distributes each two qubits of the state to other users. In this case, all users can perform the security test and derive the shared key from the measurement outcomes of the qubits in their hands. From the security analysis, it is evident that the presented protocols are secure against the inside attack and some common outside attacks.
We present two quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes over a collective-noise channel. Each logical qubit, composed of two physical qubits with a decoherence-free subspace, is immune to a collective noise and can carry one bit of information in theory. Although the receiver should prepare entangled two-photon quantum systems, he can read out the information encoded by the sender with two unitary operations on two photons, resorting to only two single-photon measurements, not Bell-state measurements, which makes these protocols simpler than others in experiment. These two QKD protocols are deterministic, not random, which makes the classical information exchanged be reduced largely. Also, they have a high intrinsic efficiency.