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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Two-photon resonances in a sodium–potassium mixed alkali vapor

Gerard P. Morgan, ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW

Published Jul 1, 1986• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two types of two-photon transitions are detected optically in a mixed alkali vapor of Na and K. Using a cw narrowband dye laser tunable from 5700 to 5850 Å, two-photon transitions free of Doppler broadening in NaK have been observed, while five Doppler-limited transitions have also been detected. The latter signals are due to two-photon hybrid resonances involving the photolysis of K2 and a subsequent transition in the excited K atom.

DOI
10.1364/josab.3.001033

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Dec 28, 1991•2 citations
Two types of two-photon transitions are detected optically in a mixed alkali vapor of Na and K. Using a cw narrowband dye laser tunable from 5700 to 5850 Å, two-photon transitions free of Doppler broadening in NaK have been observed, while five Doppler-limited transitions have also been detected. The latter signals are due to two-photon hybrid resonances involving the photolysis of K2 and a subsequent transition in the excited K atom.
The $3S\ensuremath{-}5S$ transition of Na atoms is induced by absorption of two photons, one each from two circularly polarized beams traveling in opposite directions through the vapor. The beams are derived from a tunable, narrow-band pulsed dye laser. Doppler broadening is absent and the hyperfine structure is resolved. The hyperfine interaction constant A5S{A}_{5S}A5S​ in the 5S5S5S state of the Na23{\mathrm{Na}}^{23}Na23 atom is determined to be 101\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15 MHz.
We used a tunable cw dye laser to observe Doppler-free two-photon transitions to alkali-atom Rydberg levels. Real-time signals were obtained in an ionization cell of appropriate construction. The two-photon transition wavelengths to rubidium s levels were measured up to n = 50 with better than 1 x 10(-7) absolute accuracy and can be represented to within the experimental precision by a simple function of the principal quantum number, Other related transitions and future possibilities are considered.
We have used two-photon absorption from counterpropagating laser beams of different frequencies to measure Stark shifts and splittings of the 62S6^{2}S62S, 72S7^{2}S72S, 82S8^{2}S82S, 52D5^{2}D52D, and 62D6^{2}D62D states in sodium. Beams from a fixed-frequency, single-mode Ar+{\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}Ar+ laser and a tunable, single-frequency cw dye laser were focussed into a coarse sodium atomic beam and the fluorescence was monitored. The collimation of the atomic beam reduced the residual Doppler width inherent in using two different frequencies. Using the two lasers allowed two-photon transitions to be observed at frequencies unattainable with the dye laser alone, and enhanced the transition rates due to the near resonance of the dye laser with the strong Na $3^{2}S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3^{2}P$ transition. Our experimental results for the scalar and tensor polarizabilities, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$, agree with calculations in the Bates and Damgaard Coulomb approximation within 2% for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ and 9% for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$. As a by-product the hyperfine-interaction constants aaa for the SSS states and the fine-structure intervals $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{({E}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{\frac{5}{2}})}{h}$ for the DDD states were obtained.