Distributed Quantum Computing

Seunghyun Baek, Seok-Hyung Lee, Dongmoon Min +1 more

We propose Shuttling-based Distributed Quantum Computing (SDQC), a hybrid architecture that combines the strengths of physical qubit shuttling and distributed quantum computing to enable scalable trapped-ion quantum computing. SDQC performs non-local quantum operations by distributing entangled ion qubits via deterministic shuttling, combining the high-fidelity and deterministic operations of shuttling-based architectures with the parallelism and pipelining advantages of distributed quantum computing. We present (1) a practical architecture incorporating quantum error correction (QEC), (2) pipelining strategies to exploit parallelism in entanglement distribution and measurement, and (3) a performance evaluation in terms of logical error rate and clock speed. For a 256-bit elliptic-curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) instance, which requires 2,871 logical qubits at code distance 13, SDQC achieves a logical error rate which is $1.20^{+0.94}_{-0.45}\times10^{-8}$ of Photonic DQC error rate and $3.79^{+5.09}_{-2.84}\times10^{-3}$ of Quantum Charge-Coupled Device (QCCD) error rate, while providing 2.82 times faster logical clock speed than QCCD.

Ming‐Xing Luo

Akaash Vishal Hazarika, Mahak Shah

The exploration of distributed quantum computing (DQC) represents a significant frontier in quantum information science, aiming to harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics to solve complex computational problems effectively. This paper discusses the diverse architectures and models that facilitate the distribution of quantum computing tasks across multiple quantum nodes, thereby addressing the limitations inherent in single quantum devices. DQC systems exploit the principles of superposition and entanglement to enhance computational capabilities beyond what classical computing systems can achieve. We examine various DQC architectures, including both quantum-classical hybrid systems and fully quantum distributed systems, highlighting their respective benefits and challenges. Key issues such as coherence, communication overhead, and error correction are discussed in detail, and we analyze specific use cases where DQC demonstrates superior performance relative to classical computing approaches, including optimization problems in logistics and finance, as well as quantum simulations for material science. Furthermore, we identify future research directions aimed at overcoming existing barriers to the practical implementation of DQC systems. By assessing the current landscape and future possibilities of DQC, this paper underscores the transformative potential of distributed quantum computing in various fields, paving the way for realizing more complex quantum algorithms and applications.

Ellie D’Hondt

Juan Carlos Boschero, Niels M. P. Neumann, Ward van der Schoot +2 more

Lukas Pausch, Davide Orsucci, Philipp Kleinpaß +3 more

In future quantum networks, satellite-mediated quantum communication could be used to enable distributed quantum computing (DQC). In this talk, we present the current state of our ongoing analysis on potential use cases for satellite-enabled distributed quantum computing and on their feasibility based on hardware restrictions and algorithm requirements: On the one hand, we investigate entanglement distribution via satellites, considering different orbits and entanglement distribution schemes, and evaluating restrictions regarding, e.g., entanglement distribution rates or connection times. On the other hand, we analyse and assess possible DQC applications that might require long-range communication. Furthermore, we investigate the current state of the art of quantum-computing hardware and interconnects between matter qubits and flying qubits (photons), with a particular focus on DQC. These considerations will enable us to evaluate the gap to be bridged by future developments and to identify the necessary steps to be taken for a future implementation of satellite-enabled DQC.