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Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I Communications)

Operational characteristics of a bistable laser‐diode memory for optical switching networks

Keishi Habara

Published Nov 1, 1988• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract To realize a high‐speed time division optical switching network, optical bistability devices including optical memory are important. In this paper, a bistable laser‐diode memory made of an APD, an LD and an optical feedback circuit is studied from the point of low set power and high speed. To attain a low set power, the effect of spontaneous emission of an LD cannot be neglected. Therefore, the input and output characteristics of an optical memory are studied including the spontaneous emission coefficient. Next, the response speed at a low input power is studied and the relationship between the response speed and the optical memory design parameters is derived. The input‐output characteristics and the response speed are verified with an experimental circuit. Finally, a high‐speed optical memory with a low set power is fabricated. The results of operating experiments of optical memories in an optical switching network are described.

DOI
10.1002/ecja.4410711112

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Oxford University Press eBooks•Oct 30, 2014•1 citation
Abstract To realize a high‐speed time division optical switching network, optical bistability devices including optical memory are important. In this paper, a bistable laser‐diode memory made of an APD, an LD and an optical feedback circuit is studied from the point of low set power and high speed. To attain a low set power, the effect of spontaneous emission of an LD cannot be neglected. Therefore, the input and output characteristics of an optical memory are studied including the spontaneous emission coefficient. Next, the response speed at a low input power is studied and the relationship between the response speed and the optical memory design parameters is derived. The input‐output characteristics and the response speed are verified with an experimental circuit. Finally, a high‐speed optical memory with a low set power is fabricated. The results of operating experiments of optical memories in an optical switching network are described.
We report the demonstration of cascadability in bistable diode laser amplifiers operated below threshold. A schematic of the experimental set-up is shown in Figure 1. There it is shown that the optical input to the first bistable diode laser amplifier is modulated by a mechanical chopper at frequency Ω1. The output from the first bistable diode laser amplifier is then modulated at Ω2= 2Ω1using a second mechanical chopper. The light is thereafter used as the input to the second bistable device. When the input intensity to the second device is higher than a certain threshold, the output switches. These results are shown in Figure 2. For these experiments, each of the bistable diode laser amplifiers were carefully studied. Detailed bistability measurements at different bias currents and different cavity detuning's were performed. It was found that both the bistability loop and the switching power gets larger as the detuning increases. The size of the hysteresis loop also increased as the laser was operated closer to threshold. In a two beam experiment, it was found that the switching power in the data beam can be as small as 25 nW. Gains larger than 1000 have been demonstrated, indicating the large fan-out capability of these devices. The turn-on and turn-off times in these bistable diode laser amplifiers was measured to be faster than 1 ns and detector limited. These bistable diode laser amplifiers are the most efficient optical devices that have yet been demonstrated and will find applications in photonic switching networks.
Optical bistable devices [1] are being developed with a view to their use as logic gates in optical processors [2]. The response of an optical bistable device is strongly nonlinear and once a device has been fabricated, its behaviour as a logic gate can still be modified to a large extent by the variation of certain parameters used to bias the device, Important responses include the device’s fanout potential, its switching speed and the contrast between its high and low output levels. Because of the complexity of the behaviour, it can be difficult to see how one response varies as another is improved. The method of ‘operating curves’ explained here allows a system designer to see how optimum performance may be attained.
Bistable laser amplifiers are attractive for potential application in optical switching because of very low input optical requirement, high extinction ratio and the presence of optical gain. Optical bistability (OB) arises from gain saturation and the associated nonlinear refraction combined with the effect of feedback in the laser cavity. We present the experimental results of bistable characteristics for the case of a 1.55 /spl mu/m symmetric Fabry-Perot (F-P) laser amplifier with uncoated facets. This paper reports a particularly rich variety of behaviour for reflected signals. Three main forms of hysteresis loops are observed on reflection. The hysteresis loop changes from anticlockwise to clockwise hysteresis in the optical input-output characteristic when the drive current or initial phase detuning is changed. The butterfly hysteresis loop is observed experimentally at optical input power as low as 260 /spl mu/W for a drive current equal to 90% of the lasing threshold. The dependence of the optical bistability on drive current, initial phase detuning and injected optical power has been investigated. In the bistable light output-initial phase detuning characteristic, the optimum frequency is shifted downward with an increase in the injected power or the drive current. All measurements are in good agreement with an analytical model.
All-optical bistability based on injection locked Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser (FP-LD) and its application in all-optical storage are studied in this paper. Injection locking of FP-LD is experimentally studied in this paper. The output power characteristic of injection locked FP-LD is analyzed experimentally, showing that threshold width of hysteresis loop and the extinction-ratio are influenced by the difference in the injection optical-wavelength detuning. Furthermore, 2.5 GHz optical storage with 10 Gb/s input signal is realized by reasonably setting the control signal power. The feasibility of implementing high-speed all-optical storage is verified by using the injection locked FP-LD, which shows great applicability to the field of high speed optical fiber communication.
Abstract In the area of optical logic and optical information processing, such nonlinear optical devices as optical Instability, optical amplifier, and optical limiter are important basic elements. In this paper, the hybrid optical bistability and optical limiter characteristics are realized by means of an electrical linear feedback to a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell (SSFLC cell). If the feedback gain is positive, the optical bistability is obtained while the optical limiter characteristics are obtained if the gain is negative. Also, it was demonstrated that by instantaneously increasing or cutting the incident optical intensity in a pulsed state in the optical bistability region, the transmission light intensity can be switched from the low‐transmission state to the high‐transmission state or from the high‐ to low‐transmission state. The minimum pulsewidth needed for switching is 70 μs for the low‐transmission state to the high‐transmission state and 50 μs for the high‐transmission state to the low‐transmission state. Since the speed is very fast, the high‐speed response of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used effectively.
When the output parameter of an optical device could be a multivalued function of the input parameter, this device can be working in an optical bistable status. The most typical optical bistable device is a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a nonlinear optical medium, the refractive index of which depends on the light intensity. Upon the action of an intense input optical beam, the transmitted (or reflected) intensity of this device may exhibit a nonlinear response to the incident light intensity variation and, especially under appropriate working conditions, the characteristic output/input curve may manifest a single (or multiple) hysteresis loop(s). Such type of optical bistable device can be used as an optical differential amplifier, optical switch, optical limiter, optical clipper, optical discriminator, or an optical memory element, depending on the chosen nonlinear medium and operation conditions.