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International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS)

Deterministic Secure Bidirectional Quantum Communication

Dazu Huang, Zhigang Chen, Xin Li, Jianquan Xie

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on single photons with random polarization angle, a deterministic secure bidirectional quantum communication scheme, which is similar to traditional communication mode, is proposed. In this scheme both checking messages and secret messages are encoded in the single photons rotated random polarization angle by performing a series of independent operations in three-way quantum channel. Security analysis shows that this scheme, in which secret messages are transmitted deterministically in arbitrary direction (bidirection or monodirection) between two legal communicators, is secure against the present Trojan horse attack strategy and the impersonation attack strategy in a low noisy channel.

DOI
10.1109/cis.2009.177

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Based on single photons with random polarization angle, a deterministic secure bidirectional quantum communication scheme, which is similar to traditional communication mode, is proposed. In this scheme both checking messages and secret messages are encoded in the single photons rotated random polarization angle by performing a series of independent operations in three-way quantum channel. Security analysis shows that this scheme, in which secret messages are transmitted deterministically in arbitrary direction (bidirection or monodirection) between two legal communicators, is secure against the present Trojan horse attack strategy and the impersonation attack strategy in a low noisy channel.
A quantum cryptographic communication protocol with entanglement state is proposed to distribute secret messages deterministically. In this scheme the messages are encoded in the particles of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs rotated random polarization angles by applying random and independent operations. Security analysis indicates that this scheme is secure against the present Trojan horse attack strategy and the impersonation attack strategy, and it can also ensure the security of the messages in a low noisy channel. Moreover, it has an advantage that communication can be launched by the sender just like an actual communication system.
In response to the demand for identity authentication in quantum secure direct communication, this paper proposes a quantum secure direct communication scheme based on a mixture of single photon and Bell state, by combining the bidirectional identity authentication. Before communication begins, both parties share a series of secret information to prepare a series of single photon and Bell state particles. Encoding four single photons and four Bell states yields eight types of encoded information, followed by identity authentication. The first step in identity authentication is to use a single photon to verify the legitimacy of the receiver. If the error exceeds the given threshold, it indicates the presence of eavesdropping. Otherwise, the channel is safe. Then, Bell state particles are used to verify the legitimacy of the sender, and the threshold is also used to determine whether there is eavesdropping. The present method is the same as previous one. If the error rate is higher than the given threshold, it indicates the existence of third-party eavesdropping. Otherwise, it indicates that the channel is secure. As for the specific verification method, it will be explained in detail in the article. Afterwards, Bell state particles are mixed with a single photon as a transmission carrier, and eavesdropping detection particles are added whenever the quantum state is sent. However, once the eavesdropper intercepts the transmitted particles, owing to incomplete information obtained, the eavesdropper is unable to recover the original information, and the eavesdropping behavior will be immediately detected, thus terminating communication. In this scheme, single photon and Bell states are fully utilized, and hybrid communication can effectively improve transmission efficiency, encoding capability, and quantum bit utilization. Security analysis shows that this scheme can resist common external and internal attacks such as interception/measurement replay attacks, auxiliary particle attacks, and identity impersonation attacks. The analysis of efficiency and encoding capacity shows that the transmission efficiency of this scheme is 1, the encoding capacity is 3 bits per state, and the quantum bit utilization rate is 1. Compared with other schemes, this scheme has significant advantages because it uses different particles for bidirectional authentication, making it more difficult for attackers to crack, and thus it has higher security than traditional schemes.
The three-dimension Qutrit, unitary operation and non-orthogonal measurement basis were defined, and a novel quantum secure direct communication scheme based on three-dimension single photon and mutual authentication was proposed. The present scheme is composed of Qutrits sending and returning procedures, the users would make identity authentication with each other in order to ensure users’ legality. The secret message is encoded on batches of Qutrits based on unitary operation, and is sent through the Qutrits returning procedure. Security analysis shows that this scheme can efficiently resist all kinds of eavesdropper Eve attacks and the impersonator attacks. The scheme inherits the advantages of the single photon protocols, practical and economic within the present technology. Comparing with those two-dimension single photon protocols, it shows more efficient with 1.5 times of the transmission efficiency.
A novel deterministic secure quantum communication(DSQC)scheme is presented based on EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen(EPR)pairs and single photons in this study.In this scheme,the secret message can be encoded directly on the first particles of the prepared Bell states by simple unitary operations and decoded by performing the Bell-basis measurement after the additional classic information is exchanged.In addition,the strategy with two-step transmission of quantum data blocks and the technique of decoy-particle checking both are exploited to guarantee the security of the communication.Compared with some previous DSQC schemes,this scheme not only has a higher resource capacity,intrinsic efciency and total efciency,but also is more realizable in practical applications.Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure against various attacks over an ideal quantum channel and still conditionally robust over a noisy and lossy quantum channel.
Deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) can transmit secret messages between two parties without first generating a shared secret key. Compared with quantum key distribution (QKD), DSQC avoids the waste of qubits arising from basis reconciliation and thus reaches higher efficiency. In this paper, based on data block transmission and order rearrangement technologies, we propose a DSQC protocol. It utilizes a set of single d-level systems as message carriers, which are used to directly encode the secret message in one communication process. Theoretical analysis shows that these employed technologies guarantee the security, and the use of a higher dimensional quantum system makes our protocol achieve higher security and efficiency. Since only quantum memory is required for implementation, our protocol is feasible with current technologies. Furthermore, Trojan horse attack (THA) is taken into account in our protocol. We give a THA model and show that THA significantly increases the multi-photon rate and can thus be detected.
A novel deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) scheme is presented based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and single photons in this study. In this scheme, the secret message can be encoded directly on the first particles of the prepared Bell states by simple unitary operations and decoded by performing the Bell-basis measurement after the additional classic information is exchanged. In addition, the strategy with two-step transmission of quantum data blocks and the technique of decoy-particle checking both are exploited to guarantee the security of the communication. Compared with some previous DSQC schemes, this scheme not only has a higher resource capacity, intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency, but also is more realizable in practical applications. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure against various attacks over an ideal quantum channel and still conditionally robust over a noisy and lossy quantum channel.