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International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)

Mode analyzer and modal phase-flip gate for integrated photonic circuits

Masoomeh Taherkhani, Sh. Mohammadnejad

Published Jul 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose two basic transformations which can be used for manipulating modal qubits in Ti:LiNbO3photonic quantum circuits. These include the mode analyzer, a device that separates the even and odd components of a state into two separate spatial paths and a modal phase-flip gate which introduces a phase shift of π to the odd component of a two-mode photon state.

DOI
10.1109/csndsp.2012.6292675

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We propose two basic transformations which can be used for manipulating modal qubits in Ti:LiNbO3photonic quantum circuits. These include the mode analyzer, a device that separates the even and odd components of a state into two separate spatial paths and a modal phase-flip gate which introduces a phase shift of π to the odd component of a two-mode photon state.
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On-chip integrated photonic circuits are crucial for further progress toward quantum technologies and in the science of quantum optics. The quantum controlled-Z gate is an example of the maximally entangling gate, which is universal for quantum computing when coupled with single-qubit gates. This article demonstrates a deterministic controlled-Z photonic quantum gate based on titanium in-diffused channel waveguides in which polarization and modal degrees of freedom of a single photon are used for encoding the control and target qubits, respectively.
We report on the theoretical design and simulation of a photonic quantum circuit that operates as a single-photon, two-qubit swap gate. In this approach, the circuit is implemented in Titanium indiffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides, and polarization and spatial encoding are utilized to realize the qubits. A set of basic components comprising a dual periodically poled waveguide for two simultaneous Type-0 and Type-I non-linear interactions, as well as the passive routing and active electro-optically controllable devices, are the main building blocks in this circuit. Simulations are carried out by making use of the numerical beam propagation method incorporated within RSoft program package.
We propose a protocol for a two-qubit quantum phase gate based upon the reflection of photon pulses from a quantum dot in a cavity. Depending on the state of the quantum dot the reflected photons acquire a conditional phase shift. The key ingredient is the ultrafast control of the quantum dot energies by electric fields, which allows for tuning the exciton and biexciton successively into resonance with the cavity mode. The complete dynamics of the gate are simulated, revealing a fidelity of about 0.9. The proposed scheme uses position coding and is therefore well suited to the implementation in an integrated photonic quantum processor.
The first section of the work investigates light modes as a means of implementing optical qubits and qudits. The modes considered are polarization mode, path mode, transverse spatial mode, frequency mode, temporal bin-mode and temporal mode. Subsequently, mathematical model of linear optical elements like beam splitters (BS) and phase shifters are deduced and their capability of representing any single qubit optical gate is exposed. Finally Knill, Laflamme and Milburn (KLM) method of using linear optical elements to promote nonlinear operations based on nonlinear (nondeterministic) sign-flip gate (NS) is explained, and designs of two qubits conditional sign flip gate (c-z1/16) and CNOT gate, both based on KLM method, are demonstrated. So, universal set of quantum gates based on linear optics is possible.