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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

High sensitivity phonon spectroscopy of Bose-Einstein condensates using matter-wave interference

Nadav Y. Katz, Roee Ozeri, Nir Davidson, Cesare Tozzo, F. Dalfovo

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study low momentum excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate using a novel matter-wave interference technique.In time-of-flight expansion images we observe strong matter-wave fringe patterns.The fringe contrast is a sensitive spectroscopic probe of in-trap phonons and is explained by use of a Bogoliubov excitation projection method applied to the rescaled order parameter of the expanding condensate.Gross-Pitaevskii simulations agree with the experimental data and confirm the validity of the theoretical interpretation.We show that the high sensitivity of this detection scheme gives access to the quantized quasiparticle regime.

DOI
10.1364/iqec.2004.ipda4

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We study low momentum excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate using a novel matter-wave interference technique.In time-of-flight expansion images we observe strong matter-wave fringe patterns.The fringe contrast is a sensitive spectroscopic probe of in-trap phonons and is explained by use of a Bogoliubov excitation projection method applied to the rescaled order parameter of the expanding condensate.Gross-Pitaevskii simulations agree with the experimental data and confirm the validity of the theoretical interpretation.We show that the high sensitivity of this detection scheme gives access to the quantized quasiparticle regime.
We study low-momentum excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate using a novel matter-wave interference technique. In time-of-flight expansion images we observe strong matter-wave fringe patterns. The fringe visibility is a sensitive spectroscopic probe of in-trap phonons and is explained by use of a Bogoliubov excitation projection method applied to the rescaled order parameter of the expanding condensate. Gross-Pitaevskii simulations agree with the experimental data and confirm the validity of the theoretical interpretation. We show that the high sensitivity of this detection scheme gives access to the quantized quasiparticle regime.
Phonon like excitations can be imprinted into a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate of cold atoms using light scattering. If the condensate is suddenly let to freely expand, the initial phonons lose their collective character by transferring their energy and momentum to the motion of individual atoms. The basic mechanisms of this evaporation process are investigated by using the Gross-Pitaevskii theory and dynamically rescaled Bogoliubov equations. Different regimes of evaporation are shown to occur depending on the phonon wavelength. Distinctive signatures of the evaporated phonons are visible in the density distribution of the expanded gas, thus providing a new type of spectroscopy of Bogoliubov excitations.
In a Bose-Einstein condensate, the excitation of a Bogoliubov phonon with low momentum (e.g., by a two-photon Bragg process) is strongly suppressed due to destructive interference between two indistinguishable excitation pathways. Here we show that scattering of this sound excitation into a double-momentum mode is strongly enhanced due to constructive interference. This enhancement yields an inherent amplification of second-order sound excitations of the condensate, as we confirm experimentally. We further show that due to parity considerations, this effect is extended to higher-order excitations.