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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Applications and implementation of Fourier multiport devices

S Zhang, Chao Lei, Apostol Vourdas, Jacob Dunningham

Published Mar 13, 2006• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fourier multiport devices in which the creation and annihilation operators at the output are related to those at the input through a finite Fourier transform are studied. A general method for the calculation of the output for arbitrary input states is presented. The case of a squeezed state at one of the inputs and vacua at all other inputs is discussed. In the case of thermal states at the input, the device can be used as a thermometer. A factorization technique inspired by the fast Fourier transform leads to a substantial reduction in the number of beam splitters that are required for the experimental implementation of these devices.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/39/7/006

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Fourier multiport devices in which the creation and annihilation operators at the output are related to those at the input through a finite Fourier transform are studied. A general method for the calculation of the output for arbitrary input states is presented. The case of a squeezed state at one of the inputs and vacua at all other inputs is discussed. In the case of thermal states at the input, the device can be used as a thermometer. A factorization technique inspired by the fast Fourier transform leads to a substantial reduction in the number of beam splitters that are required for the experimental implementation of these devices.
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A large number of applications in classical and quantum photonics require the capability of implementing arbitrary linear unitary transformations on a set of optical modes. In a seminal work by Reck et al. it was shown how to build such multiport universal interferometers with a mesh of beam splitters and phase shifters, and this design became the basis for most experimental implementations in the last decades. However, the design of Reck et al. is difficult to scale up to a large number of modes, which would be required for many applications. Here we present a constructive proof that it is possible to realize a multiport universal interferometer on N modes with a succession of 6N Fourier transforms and 6N+1 phase masks, for any even integer N. Furthermore, we provide an algorithm to find the correct succesion of Fourier transforms and phase masks to realize a given arbitrary unitary transformation. Since Fourier transforms and phase masks are routinely implemented in several optical setups and they do not suffer from the scalability issues associated with building extensive meshes of beam splitters, we believe that our design can be useful for many applications in photonics.
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A large number of applications in classical and quantum photonics require the capability of implementing arbitrary linear unitary transformations on a set of optical modes. In a seminal work by Reck et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.73, 58 (1994)10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.58], it was shown how to build such multiport universal interferometers with a mesh of beam splitters and phase shifters, and this design became the basis for most experimental implementations in the last decades. However, the design of Reck et al. is difficult to scale up to a large number of modes, which would be required for many applications. Here we present a deterministic algorithm that can find an exact and efficient implementation of any unitary transformation, using only Fourier transforms and phase masks. Since Fourier transforms and phase masks are routinely implemented in several optical setups and they do not suffer from some of the scalability issues associated with building extensive meshes of beam splitters, we believe that our design can be useful for many applications in photonics.