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Chinese Science Bulletin

Sufficient and necessary conditions of separability for bipartite pure states in infinite-dimensional systems

Yu Jing Guo, Xiaofei Qi, Jinchuan Hou

Published Mar 1, 2011• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The PHC criterion and the realignment criterion for pure states in infinite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems are given. Furthermore, several equivalent conditions for pure states to be separable are generalized to infinite-dimensional systems.
DOI
10.1007/s11434-010-4500-x

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Sufficient and necessary conditions of separability for bipartite pure states in infinite-dimensional systems

Guo Guo, Yu, Qi Qi +3 more

中国科学通报:英文版•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations
In this paper, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions of separability for bipartite pure states in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Let MMM be the matrix of the amplitudes of ∣ψ⟩\ketψ∣ψ⟩, we prove MMM is a compact operator. We also prove ∣ψ⟩\ketψ∣ψ⟩ is separable if and only if MMM is a bounded linear operator with rank 1, that is the image of MMM is a one dimensional Hilbert space. So we have related the separability for bipartite pure states in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces to an important class of bounded linear operators in Functional analysis which has many interesting properties.
In this paper, the realignment criterion and the RCCN criterion of separability for states in infinite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems are established. Let HAH_AHA​ and HBH_BHB​ be complex Hilbert spaces with dim⁡HA⊗HB=+∞\dim H_A\otimes H_B=+\inftydimHA​⊗HB​=+∞. Let ρρρ be a state on HA⊗HBH_A\otimes H_BHA​⊗HB​ and {δk}\{δ_k\}{δk​} be the Schmidt coefficients of ρρρ as a vector in the Hilbert space C2(HA)⊗C2(HB){\mathcal C}_2(H_A)\otimes{\mathcal C}_2(H_B)C2​(HA​)⊗C2​(HB​). We introduce the realignment operation ρRρ^RρR and the computable cross norm ∥ρ∥CCN\|ρ\|_{\rm CCN}∥ρ∥CCN​ of ρρρ and show that, if ρρρ is separable, then ∥ρR∥Tr=∥ρ∥CCN=∑kδk≤1.\|ρ^{R}\|_{\rm Tr}=\|ρ\|_{\rm CCN}=\sum\limits_kδ_k\leq1.∥ρR∥Tr​=∥ρ∥CCN​=k∑​δk​≤1. In particular, if ρρρ is a pure state, then ρρρ is separable if and only if ∥ρR∥Tr=∥ρ∥CCN=∑kδk=1\|ρ^{R}\|_{\rm Tr}=\|ρ\|_{\rm CCN}=\sum\limits_kδ_k=1∥ρR∥Tr​=∥ρ∥CCN​=k∑​δk​=1.
The positive partial transposition (PPT) criterion and the realignment criterion constitute two of the most important criteria for detecting entanglement. The general- ized partial transposition (GPT) criterion which contains the PPT criterion and the realignment criterion as special cases, provides a necessary condition for a multipartite state to be separable. Here we extend the GPT criterion to the infinite- dimensional multipartite (bipartite) case and show that it includes multipartite (bipartite) PPT criterion and multipartite (bipartite) realignment criterion as special cases as well.