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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Using Two-Photon Three-Dimensional Bell States

Gan Gao

Published Sep 1, 2009• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a two-photon three-dimensional multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme. The secret messages are encoded by performing local operations. This is different from those quantum secret sharing protocols that all sharers must make a state measurement. The merit of our protocol is the high capacity.
DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/52/3/08

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A multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed to utilize the magic properties of entanglement swapping. In this scheme, a set of (2N-1) EPR pairs is used to encode and distribute a secret message to (N-1) parties. Each secret message will be split into (N-1) packets. By performing the local unitary operations and entanglement swapping, each classical bit packet will be encoded secretly into Bell states so no subset of parties but their entire cooperation can read out the original secret message. The security of this proposed scheme is also considered.
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We propose a quantum secret sharing protocol between multiparty (mmm members in group 1) and multiparty (nnn members in group 2) using a sequence of single photons. These single photons are used directly to encode classical information in a quantum secret sharing process. In this protocol, all members in group 1 directly encode their respective keys on the states of single photons via unitary operations; then, the last one (the mthm\mathrm{th}mth member of group 1) sends 1∕n1∕n1∕n of the resulting qubits to each of group 2. Thus the secret message shared by all members of group 1 is shared by all members of group 2 in such a way that no subset of each group is efficient to read the secret message, but the entire set (not only group 1 but also group 2) is. We also show that it is unconditionally secure. This protocol is feasible with present-day techniques.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic multiparty communication technique in which a secret is divided and shared among N parties and then securely reconstructed by (N-1) cooperating parties, making it perfect for storing and sharing highly sensitive data. Challenges in high dimensional state preparation, transformation and detection, the key steps of any QSS protocol, have so far hindered experimental realisation. Here, by taking advantage of the high-dimensional encoding space accessible by a photon's orbital angular momentum, we present a toolbox for realising practical high-dimensional single photon QSS schemes that are easily scalable in both dimension and number of participants. Our implementations realised a new record in both the number of participants (N=10) and the dimensionality (d=11), with the latter facilitating the transfer of 2.89 bits of information per photon. This work is an important step towards securely distributing information across a network of nodes.