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Springer proceedings in physics

Subharmonic Pumping and Noise Properites of the Josephson Parametric Amplifier

Roman Movshovich, Bernard Yurke, A. D. Smith, Arnold H. Silver

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-77457-7_75

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We report the observation of substantial amplification due to multiwave (more than four) mixing in a Josephson-parametric amplifier. Amplification was achieved with subharmonic pumping at 2/3, 2/5, and 2/7 of the signal frequency near 19 GHz. The processes reponsible for the amplification were, correspondingly, five-, seven-, and nine-wave mixing. For the case of five-wave mixing we have observed amplification in excess of 35 dB and noise referred to input of a few degrees kelvin before the amplifier undergoes a pitchfork instability. The noise rise at the pitchfork bifurcation was also studied and compared with theory.
We have investigated the performance of a resistive rf SQUID as a 9 GHz parametric amplifier and oscillator. It was coupled to a low impedance microstrip transformer. Stable Josephson oscillations were obtained for βLQ =2eI0ZL/hf <1.1–1.8. Oscillation linewidth (830 kHz) and output power (−74 dBm) were measured. The four-photon internally pumped amplifier produced large single sideband (ssb) noise temperatures, typically around 50 K, due to the broad flanks of the pump. The best performance was achieved in the three- and four-photon externally pumped modes. Both modes gave signal gains of about 10 dB and negligible noise power contributions. A hot/cold measurement on the four-photon amplifier yielded Gdsb =13 dB (dsb=double sideband) and Tdsb =3±4 K over a bandwidth of 310 MHz. For larger values of βLQ , subharmonics 1/2 and 1/3, as well as noninteger ‘‘excitations’’ of the Josephson oscillation, were observed. The subharmonic oscillations were not tunable in frequency with unchanged linewidth. Amplification close to an excitation also produced gain but with ssb noise temperatures of ∼20 K.