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Optics Letters

Experimental studies of spontaneous emission from dopants in an absorbing dielectric

G. Manoj Kumar, D. Narayana Rao, G. S. Agarwal

Published Apr 1, 2005• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the first measurements, to our knowledge, of the modification of spontaneous emission rates of Eu3+ ions in the visible region owing to an absorbing medium. Precise levels of the absorption coefficient are introduced by codoping with different amounts of Nd3+. We use a binary glass system PbO-B2O3 as the host, the compositional variation of which leads to a change in the real part of the refractive index. Measured lifetimes are found to follow the real cavity model, and the data are analyzed by the model proposed by Scheel et al. [Phys. Rev. A 60, 4094 (1999)]. We give estimates of the parameter that is related to the radius of the cavity around Eu3+.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.000732

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We report the first measurements, to our knowledge, of the modification of spontaneous emission rates of Eu3+ ions in the visible region owing to an absorbing medium. Precise levels of the absorption coefficient are introduced by codoping with different amounts of Nd3+. We use a binary glass system PbO-B2O3 as the host, the compositional variation of which leads to a change in the real part of the refractive index. Measured lifetimes are found to follow the real cavity model, and the data are analyzed by the model proposed by Scheel et al. [Phys. Rev. A 60, 4094 (1999)]. We give estimates of the parameter that is related to the radius of the cavity around Eu3+.
The effect of the dielectric medium upon the spontaneous emission rate was investigated using lead borate glass of various compositions lightly doped with the Eu3+{}^{3+}3+ lanthanide ion. A dual approach used the variation of (i) electric dipole/magnetic dipole (ED/MD) emission rates from spectral integrations and (ii) absolute ED emission rates from lifetime measurements for comparison with the variation of the refractive index of the glass medium. Contrary to a previous study [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 203903 (2003)], the results show the relevance of the virtual-cavity model in this case. The MD emission rates were taken to follow the n3{n}^{3}n3 increase in density of photon states in the medium. The justifications for employing Eu3+{}^{3+}3+ for identifying the appropriate model are given.
In order to discriminate between the two macroscopic models for the dependence of the spontaneous emission rates of emitters on the refractive indices of the surrounding optical dielectric media, i.e., the local-field effect, Eu3+ activated glass samples with a range of different refractive indices were prepared for the measurements of photoluminescence emission spectrum, luminescent decay rate and refractive index. Detail analyses indicate that the local-field effect on the spontaneous emission rates follows the virtual-cavity model derived by assuming the doped luminescent ions do not disturb the optical dielectric media.
Here, we present strong modification of photonic crystals on the spontaneous emissions of Eu3+ ions in YVO4:Eu3+ inverse opal. It is interesting that due to the effect of local field, the 5D0-7FJ radiative lifetimes of Eu3+ ions in the PCs are all prolonged ∼2.5 times in contrast to the grinded reference (REF) in air, consistent with the empty cavity model. The photonic stop band and the radiative lifetime are both highly sensitive to the refractive index of the infiltrated solutions, in accordance with the real cavity model.
We have calculated the effect of material absorption on the rate of spontaneous emission by an embedded atom using a macroscopic Green-function approach and a microscopic Hamiltonian method that includes reservoir damping. When local field effects are neglected, the free-space emission rate is modified by the real part of the refractive index at the transition frequency of the embedded atom. Local field effects are introduced via a local field correction factor. This modification of the spontaneous emission rate generalizes a well-known result for transparent media and is of crucial importance in assessing the degree of inhibition of spontaneous emission for frequencies close to the resonances of the dielectric.
We present a simple theory on the effect of optical dephasing on the spontaneous emission (SE) rate in a microcavity containing (absorbing) dispersive dielectric media based on a photon Green's-function formalism in which the reservoir damping of medium polarizations is included in a phenomenological way. The theory yields the well-known result that the SE rate in free space is modified by the real part of the refractive index at the transition frequency of an atom in a bulk dielectric. On the other hand, it turns out that the degree of the alteration of the SE rate in a high-Q microcavity with dispersive media is affected not only by the real part of the refractive index but also by the imaginary part of the refractive index that is associated with the dephasing of the photon field due to the reservoir damping, i.e., the destruction of self-interference of the photon field.