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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Quantum interference in optical phase-conjugation spectra of vapors

O. K. Andersen, Daan Lenstra, Steven Stolte

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given.The present summary reports about a dressed-state approach to optical phase conjugation (OPC) by resonant nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in vapors. The basic idea is to decouple the pump fields from the probe field by first treating the problem of the pump fields interacting with the atom and then consider the interaction with the probe field. From this model, the dip, observed in the OPC yield when the pump fields are tuned to an atomic resonance, can be interpreted as an interference effect between contributions to the polarization originating from two dressed-state transitions.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680240

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Summary form only given.The present summary reports about a dressed-state approach to optical phase conjugation (OPC) by resonant nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in vapors. The basic idea is to decouple the pump fields from the probe field by first treating the problem of the pump fields interacting with the atom and then consider the interaction with the probe field. From this model, the dip, observed in the OPC yield when the pump fields are tuned to an atomic resonance, can be interpreted as an interference effect between contributions to the polarization originating from two dressed-state transitions.
We present a theoretical investigation of optical phase conjugation by use of nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in a two-level atomic system. The description is based on the semiclassical dressed-state approach, which offers a very transparent picture of the physics involved in the nonlinear process. The theory provides an explanation in terms of a quantum interference between two channels for the strong reduction of the optical phase-conjugate yield when the pump fields are tuned to the atomic resonance. In addition, the model predicts an efficient generation of the optical phase conjugate if the system is prepared in a pure dressed state.
We develop a semiclassical theory of phase conjugation by two-photon-resonant degenerate four-wave mixing. Our theory treats both the tensor nature of the interaction and the effects of saturation of the atomic system. Previous theories that include saturation effects have treated only the scalar case,1 while theories that include polarization properties have treated the problem only in lowest-order perturbation theory.2 We consider an S → S two-photon transition. This interaction is of Interest because it has been predicted theoretically2 and shown experimentally3 that in the limit of nonsaturating pump waves this interaction leads to the simultaneous conjugation of the wavefront and polarization of the incident probe wave (vector phase conjugation).
In atomic vapors, the variation of the phase-conjugate reflectivity versus frequency has been a subject of interest these recent years. At low incident intensity for the pump and probe waves, a Lorentzian curve centered at the atomic resonance frequency is observed. At high pump intensity a splitting is observed, and the phase-conjugate reflectivity tends toward zero at the atomic resonance frequency.1 A correct treatment for this complex situation has been derived recently by Bloch and Ducloy.2 However, their theory leads to intricate calculations for which it is difficult to find physical interpretations. A great simplification is obtained by using the dressed-atom approach. The calculations are easier to derive and lead to clear physical interpretations. New results are predicted, some of them have already been observed experimentally.
We have studied the polarization properties of phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing resonantly enhanced by the sodium 3S1/2 → 6S1/2 two-photon-allowed transition. As predicted by third-order theories, this interaction leads to simultaneous conjugation of the optical wave front and state of polarization (vector phase conjugation) when the pump intensities are sufficiently weak. However, qualitatively different polarization behavior is observed for pump intensities near or above the two-photon saturation intensity.
Nondegenerate four-wave mixing on the j=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}j=1 transition, in a ``V '' system, using orthogonal, circularly polarized pump beams is used to study theoretically the generation of the phase-conjugate signals. The efficiency of generation of the conjugate wave is studied as a function of the various system parameters such as pump-probe detuning, Zeeman splitting, pump-atom detuning, collisional parameters, and the intensities of the pump beams. The origin of the various resonances in the reflectivity is explained. For weak pump fields, some resonances are shown to have subnatural linewidths. In the degenerate case, the reflectivity as a function of pump-atom detuning has, in contrast to a two-level system, a doublet structure for moderate absorption-length parameters and field strengths. The reflectivity is shown to have additional resonances due to pump imbalance. The phase-conjugate signal is also shown to exhibit the pressure-induced extra resonances.
The evolution of enhanced four-wave mixing based on Raman coherence as the probe intensity increases is observed experimentally in an 85 R b atomic vapor system. We propose that for a Doppler-broadened Λ -type level system, the generated anti-Stokes field from one-photon resonance will be suppressed by the dressed-states resonance and can be controlled by the probe intensity, which influences the effective transverse relaxation rate of Raman coherence. When the probe field is not so weak, the double resonance for dressed states will greatly suppress the anti-Stokes emission at the central frequency, and the signal peak will be split. We show that this phenomenon is a result of the destructive polarization interference between atoms with different velocities from the two types of resonance. Based on our model, we present a new, to the best of our knowledge, interpretation of four-wave mixing enhancement in the conventional Λ -type electromagnetically induced transparency system.