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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Thermal effects in cavity quantum electrodynamics: the near-field regime of atom-surface interaction

M.–P. Gorza, I. Hamdi, P. Chaves de Souza Segundo, Daniel Bloch, M. Ducloy

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The value of the surface-induced energy shift of an excited atom located at an arbitrary distance from the surface, when the field (vacuum + surface) is in thermal equilibrium at T temperature is derived. The surface-induced shift appears as a function of the linear susceptibility of the reflected field G/sup R/, and of temperature.
DOI
10.1109/eqec.2003.1314215

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The energy–level shifts of an atom located at a distance Z outside a dielectric half–space are calculated at finite temperatures. The refractive index of the medium is real and frequency independent; the limiting case of perfect reflectors is also considered. The analytic expressions for the energy–level shifts are analysed in various regimes of temperature and of the distance of the atom from the surface. The significance of thermal corrections in comparison with zero–temperature effects is analysed in each regime and discussed for recent experiments.
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Summary form only given. Experimental studies of the atom-surface or surface-surface interactions provide a physical insight on the interaction of quantum bodies with the fluctuating vacuum. They can be of great practical interest in the ever expanding field of nanotechnologies. In particular the dependence of the Casimir and Casimir-Polder interaction on the thermal fluctuations is a fundamental effect that could in the future provide a useful knob for tuning these interactions. Temperature effects are usually very small and have so far been observed on a BEC placed 6-10 μm away from a fused-silica substrate due to an out of thermal equilibrium enhancement. Here we report on spectroscopic selective reflection measurements of the interaction between a Cs (7D3/2) atom and a sapphire surface. A virtual coupling between a surface resonance of sapphire at 12.1 μm and the Cs 7D3/2Æ5F5/2 transition at 10.8 μm almost eliminates the resonant contribution for this dipole transition. Reaching the temperatures required to observe an effect is extremely challenging. For this reason our experiment is performed in an all-sapphire vapour cell with super polished windows with an annealing post-treatment. The interaction is probed up to unusually high temperatures reaching more than 1000 K. Experimental measurements show C3coefficient as a function of temperature compared to a full QED calculation. Each point is deduced by fitting reflection spectra to a theoretical model and is averaged for different vapour densities and different spots on the window. Statistical and systematic uncertainties have been reduced compared to our previous experiments performed on a different all-sapphire cell with windows of uncertain surface quality. The chemical stability of sapphire under these extreme conditions seems to be a key factor for this experimental achievement. Previous measurements between Cs (8P3/2) and a CaF2surface in a specially designed cell were unsuccessful due to chemical deterioration of the surface. This experiment is the first to provide a sensitive measurement of temperature effects on the atom-surface interaction in thermal equilibrium and highlights the QED nature of van der Waals regime.
\nThe T$\\,{=}\\,0temperaturelimitcanbeappliedtoCavityQuantumElectrodynamicsproblemsonlywhentherelevantwavelengthsaremuchlargerthanthetypicallengthassociatedtothethermalenergy.Wediscussheretheproblemofthevirtualcouplingbetweenanatomabsorptionandthethermalemissionofasurface.ExperimentsareinprogressontheCs(8P)level,thatiscoupledtothe7Dlevelbyanabsorptionchannelinthe30−400 temperature limit can be applied to Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics problems only when the relevant wavelengths are much larger than the typical length associated to the thermal energy. We discuss here the problem of the virtual coupling between an atom absorption and the thermal emission of a surface. Experiments are in progress on the Cs(8P) level, that is coupled to the 7D level by an absorption channel in the 30-400temperaturelimitcanbeappliedtoCavityQuantumElectrodynamicsproblemsonlywhentherelevantwavelengthsaremuchlargerthanthetypicallengthassociatedtothethermalenergy.Wediscussheretheproblemofthevirtualcouplingbetweenanatomabsorptionandthethermalemissionofasurface.ExperimentsareinprogressontheCs(8P)level,thatiscoupledtothe7Dlevelbyanabsorptionchannelinthe30−40\\mu$m region.\n