Reviews of Modern Physics

Atom cooling, trapping, and quantum manipulation

Carl Wieman, David E. Pritchard, David J. Wineland

Published Mar 1, 1999• 244 citations

Abstract

Neutral atoms and ions can now be cooled, trapped, and precisely manipulated using laser beams and other electromagnetic fields. This has made it possible to control external degrees of freedom at the quantum level, thereby making possible a variety of interesting new physics.

DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.71.s253

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