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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Tunable optical delay using parametric amplification in highly birefringent optical fibers

Nour Nasser, Gil Fanjoux, Éric Lantz, Thibaut Sylvestre

Published Sep 2, 2011• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically study parametric amplification in highly birefringent optical fibers and show that large tunable optical delay or advancement can be achieved via slow and fast light propagation. We provide a clear derivation of the formula for the optical delay that originates from the imaginary part of the parametric gain. We also perform numerical simulations in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. In the latter case, results show that large nanosecond optical delay could, in principle, be obtained at 1550 nm in a 1-km-long polarization-maintaining fiber. We further demonstrate that the optical delay and advancement rely on a group-velocity locking between the two cross-polarized signal and idler pulses.

DOI
10.1364/josab.28.002352

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We theoretically study parametric amplification in highly birefringent optical fibers and show that large tunable optical delay or advancement can be achieved via slow and fast light propagation. We provide a clear derivation of the formula for the optical delay that originates from the imaginary part of the parametric gain. We also perform numerical simulations in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. In the latter case, results show that large nanosecond optical delay could, in principle, be obtained at 1550 nm in a 1-km-long polarization-maintaining fiber. We further demonstrate that the optical delay and advancement rely on a group-velocity locking between the two cross-polarized signal and idler pulses.
Narrowband fiber parametric amplification is known to provide slow and fast light capabilities. Here, an analytical expression of the maximum slow light time delay achievable in ideal, isotropic fibers is derived. Then, the effects of random birefringence on the slow and fast light ability are numerically investigated by integrating the governing equations over a large number of statistical realizations of the fiber. The different polarization rotation along the fiber for the signal, the idler, and the pump reduces the amplifier mean gain and the mean time delay. For small random birefringence, the decrease of the mean delay can be directly imputed to the reduction of the mean gain. For large random birefringence, severe pulse distortion occurs, the mean delay is further reduced and the delay uncertainty highly enhanced. The influence of the stimulated Raman scattering is finally addressed.
We propose and demonstrate the use of narrow band optical parametric amplification for tunable slow and fast light propagation in optical fibers. The parametric gain is coupled to the Raman process which changes the gain value moderately but modifies the gain spectral shape. Consequently, the delay is enhanced at short wavelengths while it is moderated at long wavelengths. The maximum delay and tuning range can be optimized with respect to each other considering saturation effects in long fibers. The proposed scheme offers tunable delay in the presence of gain and with a bandwidth which is sufficiently wide to process digital data streams at tens of Gbit/s rates as well as picoseconds pulses.
We compared experimentally the properties of optically controlled tunable time delay based on a Raman-assisted optical parametric amplifier (OPA) with different gain media of normal dispersion shifted fibers (DSF) and highly nonlinear fibers (HNLF). The Raman-assisted OPA using the DSF has previously been demonstrated to obtain large light delay for one single pulse. Position optimization of pump wavelength according to zero dispersion wavelength of the fibers results in narrow band gain spectrum through a parametric process. Stimulated Raman scattering further modifies the shape of the gain spectrum. The modified gain spectrum with sharper transitions leads to a large group index change so that large time delay can be achieved. In the paper, we experimentally demonstrated propagating 10Gbps return-to-zero (RZ) optical packets through slow-light fiber delay line based on the Raman-assisted OPA with above 100ps time delay. We also experimentally compared the gain, the bandwidth and the time delay versus variable pump powers for the Raman-assisted OPA by using 1km-long DSF and 1km-long HNLF as the gain medium, respectively. While smaller time delay was obtained in the slow-light scheme using HNLF due to its wider gain spectrum, lower pump power threshold was found compared to that using DSF. In the experiment, we found that the slow-light scheme has THz gain bandwidth and indicates that slow light could be achieved at higher bit rates with further optimized system parameters.