Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Bell Violation with Classical Non-determinism

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Joseph H. Eberly

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present some preliminary results of our current research on Bell violation with purely classical non-deterministic thermal light. Our analysis clarifies some mis-impressions among the terms: quantum mechanics, entanglement and Bell violations.
DOI
10.1364/cqo.2013.m6.03

Related papers

Entanglement is Sometimes Enough

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Joseph H. Eberly

For many decades the word "entanglement" has been firmly attached to the world of quantum mechanics. So is the phrase "Bell violation". Here we show, without contradicting quantum mechanics, that classical non-deterministic fields also provide a natural basis for entanglement and Bell analyses. Surprisingly, such fields are not eliminated by the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell violation test as viable alternatives to quantum theory. An experimental setup for verification is proposed.

arXiv:1307.3772•Jul 14, 2013•3 citations

Experimental Bell violations with entangled and non-entangled optical fields

J. Gonzales, P. Sánchez, V. Avalos +1 more

We report Bell violations with classical light prepared in entangled and nonentangled polarization-path states. This shows that Bell violations do not necessarily falsify local-realism, but exhibit the shortcomings of Bell-type correlations.

Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference•Jan 1, 2018•0 citations

Correlations, Bell Inequality Violation & Quantum Entanglement

Yeong-Cherng Liang

It is one of the most remarkable features of quantum physics that measurements on spatially separated systems cannot always be described by a locally causal theory. In such a theory, the outcomes of local measurements are determined in advance solely by some unknown (or hidden) variables and the choice of local measurements. Correlations that are allowed within the framework of a locally causal theory are termed classical. Typically, the fact that quantum mechanics does not always result in classical correlations is revealed by the violation of Bell inequalities, which are constraints that have to be satisfied by any classical correlations. It has been known for a long time that entanglement is necessary to demonstrate nonclassical correlations, and hence a Bell inequality violation. However, since some entangled quantum states are known to admit explicit locally causal models, the exact role of entanglement in Bell inequality violation has remained obscure. This thesis provides both a comprehensive review on these issues as well as a report on new discoveries made to clarify the relationship between entanglement and Bell inequality violation.

arXiv:0810.5400•Oct 30, 2008•2 citations

Violation of Bell's Inequalities with Classical Shimony-Wolf States: Theory and Experiment

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Bethany Little, John C. Howell +1 more

For many decades the word "entanglement" has been firmly attached to the world of quantum mechanics, as is the phrase "Bell violation". Here we introduce Shimony-Wolf fields, entirely classical non-deterministic states, as a basis for entanglement and Bell analyses. Such fields are well known in coherence optics and are open to test. We present experimental results showing that Shimony-Wolf states exhibit strong classical Bell violation, in effect opening a way of examining a new sector of the boundary between quantum and classical physics.

arXiv:1406.3338•Jun 12, 2014•5 citations

Quantum Entanglement in Some Physical Systems

Marcin Wieśniak

The summary of the Author's results on Bell inequalities and macroscopic entanglement.

arXiv:0710.1775•Oct 9, 2007•2 citations

Quantum Entanglement as Shared 1D Filaments: A Deterministic Mechanical Resolution of Non-Locality

Darius Puzinas

Quantum entanglement is traditionally viewed as a non-local correlation that defies classical mechanical explanation. This paper provides a deterministic derivation of entanglement using the Universal Space Theory (UST) framework. We propose that "entangled" particles are 3D inclusions that share a common 1D filament within the Stochastic String Network (SSN). We demonstrate that the instantaneous correlation of states is a direct result of longitudinal tension propagation along the shared string, which occurs at the medium's zipping velocity. This model resolves the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox by replacing abstract non-locality with physical connectivity, providing a purely classical substrate for Bell's Theorem violations.

•Jan 13, 2026•0 citations
For many decades the word "entanglement" has been firmly attached to the world of quantum mechanics. So is the phrase "Bell violation". Here we show, without contradicting quantum mechanics, that classical non-deterministic fields also provide a natural basis for entanglement and Bell analyses. Surprisingly, such fields are not eliminated by the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell violation test as viable alternatives to quantum theory. An experimental setup for verification is proposed.
It is one of the most remarkable features of quantum physics that measurements on spatially separated systems cannot always be described by a locally causal theory. In such a theory, the outcomes of local measurements are determined in advance solely by some unknown (or hidden) variables and the choice of local measurements. Correlations that are allowed within the framework of a locally causal theory are termed classical. Typically, the fact that quantum mechanics does not always result in classical correlations is revealed by the violation of Bell inequalities, which are constraints that have to be satisfied by any classical correlations. It has been known for a long time that entanglement is necessary to demonstrate nonclassical correlations, and hence a Bell inequality violation. However, since some entangled quantum states are known to admit explicit locally causal models, the exact role of entanglement in Bell inequality violation has remained obscure. This thesis provides both a comprehensive review on these issues as well as a report on new discoveries made to clarify the relationship between entanglement and Bell inequality violation.
For many decades the word "entanglement" has been firmly attached to the world of quantum mechanics, as is the phrase "Bell violation". Here we introduce Shimony-Wolf fields, entirely classical non-deterministic states, as a basis for entanglement and Bell analyses. Such fields are well known in coherence optics and are open to test. We present experimental results showing that Shimony-Wolf states exhibit strong classical Bell violation, in effect opening a way of examining a new sector of the boundary between quantum and classical physics.
Quantum entanglement is traditionally viewed as a non-local correlation that defies classical mechanical explanation. This paper provides a deterministic derivation of entanglement using the Universal Space Theory (UST) framework. We propose that "entangled" particles are 3D inclusions that share a common 1D filament within the Stochastic String Network (SSN). We demonstrate that the instantaneous correlation of states is a direct result of longitudinal tension propagation along the shared string, which occurs at the medium's zipping velocity. This model resolves the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox by replacing abstract non-locality with physical connectivity, providing a purely classical substrate for Bell's Theorem violations.