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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

High resolution sagnac interferometry with cold atoms

Michael Gilowski, Christian Schubert, Thijs Wendrich, Gunnar Tackmann, Peter Berg, Wolfgang A. Ertmer, Ernst Maria Rasel

Published Jun 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The status of the dual atom interferometer for the precise measurement of inertial forces, based on optical Raman transitions for the coherent beam splitting process is reported. Two interferometers with overlapping counter propagating atomic trajectories are used to exactly distinguish between rotation and acceleration.
DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2009.5191741

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In the paper the authors present an atomic gyroscope for the precise measurement of rotations based on optical Raman transitions for the coherent beam splitting process. Two interferometers with overlapping counter propagating atomic trajectories are used to distinguish between rotation and acceleration. Furthermore, we report on the present status of the apparatus including the analysis of systematic effects, which lead to the current limitation of the sensor. Finally, future improvements based on the provided analysis of the sensor will be discussed.
Recent technological advancements in atom interferometry have demonstrated extremely precise inertial measurements of acceleration and rotation. These could be used to develop ultra-precise inertial navigation systems that approach GPS navigation. The paper presents a rudimentary exposition of the interferometer which is based on beams of atoms cooled by lasers to a velocity of the order of 1 m/s and launched along two trajectories that re-combine, as in a classical interferometer. Using the dual wave-particle quantum mechanical properties of atoms, the differential phase of the interfering beams is indicative of inertial acceleration and rotation, similar to the Sagnac effect. Due to the much shorter wavelength of the atomic beam, the sensitivity is many orders of magnitude greater. Concluding analyses show that an inertial navigation system with 5/hr drift is technically possible.
Since the first atom interferometry experiments in 1991, measurements of rotation through the Sagnac effect in open-area atom interferometers have been investigated. These studies have demonstrated very high sensitivity that can compete with state-of-the-art optical Sagnac interferometers. Since the early 2000s, these developments have been motivated by possible applications in inertial guidance and geophysics. Most matter-wave interferometers that have been investigated since then are based on two-photon Raman transitions for the manipulation of atomic wave packets. Results from the two most studied configurations, a space-domain interferometer with atomic beams and a time-domain interferometer with cold atoms, are presented and compared. Finally, the latest generation of cold atom interferometers and their preliminary results are presented.