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Modified Novel Quantum Key Exchange using BB84 Algorithm

N. Vivek Chetty, Bikumalla Abhijith, Goli Nihar, Raj Vincent

Published Jan 1, 2013• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

With the increasing number of eavesdroppers on communication channels, securing the reliability of digital communication has become a herculean task. For any communication and information exchange the most important step of securing the data is encryption and decryption (cryptography). The primary step involved in any efficient cryptographic system is Key Distribution. The paper deals with an efficient Key Distribution Technique based on Quantum Mechanics. The concept of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and quantum indeterminacy property are used to detect the presence of eavesdropper and secure the process of Key Distribution. Keywords-Quantum Mechanics, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, eavesdropper, quantum indeterminacy.

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With the increasing number of eavesdroppers on communication channels, securing the reliability of digital communication has become a herculean task. For any communication and information exchange the most important step of securing the data is encryption and decryption (cryptography). The primary step involved in any efficient cryptographic system is Key Distribution. The paper deals with an efficient Key Distribution Technique based on Quantum Mechanics. The concept of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and quantum indeterminacy property are used to detect the presence of eavesdropper and secure the process of Key Distribution. Keywords-Quantum Mechanics, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, eavesdropper, quantum indeterminacy.
The aim of quantum cryptography is to overcome the everlasting problem of unrestricted security in private communication. The usage of the quantum principles protects the privacy of the user's data during the time it is in the transmission process through the telecommunication channels. The sophisticated algorithm we have developed will make the data meaningless to eavesdroppers. The security of modern cryptographic systems has been accomplished by using a long key that will require many years to launch a brute force attack. Therefore, we designed an efficient algorithm that was developed based on BB84 and B92 techniques. In this paper, we utilized the classic features of quantum mechanism, such as superposition and the uncertainty principle. We present the underlining mechanisms of quantum cryptography that enhances the security of data transmission in three stages with valid results that promise a low error rate that leads to a strong consistent key by raising the constraint of the security concept.
Security awareness is one of the most pressing topics in today's globe. The idea of cryptography is introduced when the subject is information security. Conventional cryptography-based security techniques rely on the presumption that keys are shared before secure connections. The most crucial factor to consider when integrating cryptographic operations into account when integrating cryptographic operations in with any system is the safe key management strategy required for sending and transferring a secret key between two entities The systems will be vulnerable to bugs and possibly fatal external assaults if the fundamental management methods are poor A method for securely encrypting data sent between parties is quantum cryptography. and spotting eavesdroppers trying to overhear the conversation. Quantum cryptography may be the solution to these issues a quantum cryptography application, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), refers to the production of a cryptographic key with unconditional security assured by physical rules. Quantum cryptography is a kind of encryption. We examine the quantum key exchange protocol (BB84 protocol) in this study and the way that it significantly improves data transfer security when compared to standard encryption techniques. The main objective of quantum cryptography is to offer a trustworthy way to provide a secure method of communication between the intended peers only and to detect the Eavesdropper presence.
Present paper provides a conceptual framework on the proposed C-QUBITS Key exchange algorithm, which is used as a base for the data security through quantum computing. In the first phase a detailed description of the BB84 Cryptographic protocol is given, from which the first algorithm based on the quantum cryptography has been derived. In this the emphasis is on the loopholes present in this algorithm which makes it less effective. In the next phase the focus is made on the CQUBITS algorithm, which can be used for the exchange of key between the sender and the receiver. Thereafter, the key is used for the encryption of the data to be transferred between the two entities. This algorithm makes use of the concepts of quantum physics like polarization and more importantly C-NOT gate which is mainly used in case of qubits (quantum bits). Complete experimental set-up of the whole process involved in the algorithm has been presented and all possible cases have been discussed. Mathematical solution is derived which proves that data security through C-QUBITS algorithm is more effective and secure than other algorithms based on quantum approach. Quantum Cryptography was born in the early seventies when Stephen Wiesner wrote Conjugate Coding, which unfortunately took more than ten years to see the light of print 1 . In the mean time, Charles H Bennett (who knew of Wiesner's idea) and Gilles Brassard picked up the subject and brought it to fruition in a series of papers that culminated with the demonstration of an experimental prototype that established the technological feasibility of the concept 2 . Quantum cryptographic systems take advantage of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, according to which measuring a quantum system in general disturbs it and yields incomplete information about its state before the measurement. Eavesdropping on a quantum communication channel therefore causes an unavoidable disturbance, alerting the legitimate users. This yields a cryptographic system for the distribution of a secret random cryptographic key between two parties initially sharing no secret information that is secure against an eavesdropper having at her disposal unlimited computing power. Once this secret key is established, it can be used together with classical cryptographic techniques such as the one-time-pad to allow the parties to communicate meaningful information in absolute secrecy.
The encryption process of Symmetric Key Cryptography is quicker as compared to Asymmetric Key Cryptography, but the key exchange process is a challenge.This paper focuses on Quantum Cryptography techniques for that purpose as traditional digital cryptography techniques are not safe.In "Quantum Key Exchange" Technique, "Heisenberg uncertainty principle" and "quantum no cloning theory" are used to resist attacks.The Quantum Key Exchange is demonstrated through BB84 algorithm and the result is analyzed.Discussion is made on the practical applications of the technique
Cryptography is age old technique used for secret communication of messages. Quantum cryptography is providing cryptographic solutions based on laws of quantum physics. Quantum public key distribution is prominent solution using which two parties can communicate securely using quantum physics. Heisenberg uncertainty principle, no cloning theorem and photon polarization are used as basic properties for quantum key distribution. Photons are basic quantum particles and they are quantized for encryption. They are also known as qubits. This paper discusses concepts behind quantum key distribution and how it is secure against eavesdropper and future advances in technology.
Nowadays security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication because many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert.Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not tampered.The research paper provides the mechanism that enhances the data security in quantum cryptography during exchange of information.In first phase detailed explanation of Quantum key distribution's BB84 protocol is given.BB84 protocol is used as the basis for the mechanism.In next phase the proposed mechanism is explained.The proposed mechanism combines BB84 protocol at two levels, from sender to receiver and then from receiver to sender.Moreover, a logic circuit is used to combine the bits hence to reduce the probability of eavesdropping.The key obtained can be used to exchange the information securely further it can help in encryption and decryption of crucial data.Double level BB84 mechanism will help in information reconciliation as well as privacy amplification.In future the proposed mechanism will be very beneficial where unconditional security is required during key and other secret information exchange