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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Nondestructive Phase Shifting Imaging of Cold Atoms

Chih-Chieh Lin, Ying-Hsian Wang, Hung-Shiue Chen, Po-Jui Tseng, Fan Zhang, Dian-Jiun Han

Published Jun 10, 2015• 0 citations
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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 5, 2017•1 citation
We propose a lens-free nondestructive imaging method for cold atomic clouds using a Gaussian beam accompanied with phase shifting interferometry. This scheme requires no imaging lens. Hence, aberrations associated with it are completely eliminated and mechanical focusing can be avoided. Compared with the common single-beam nondestructive means, our proposed scheme lowers the energy per probe pulse delivered to the cold samples by almost three orders of magnitude, due to signal enhancement inherently provided in the two-beam configuration. Moreover, higher image resolution is attainable by magnifying the far-field interference distribution using a divergent Gaussian beam. We examine this novel lensless detection means for in situ imaging on typical cold atomic clouds under experimentally achievable conditions. Our simulations show the cloud position can be precisely determined, depending upon the cloud size and probe parameters, with an uncertainty from a few hundreds of micrometers to only a few micrometers, and the spatial resolution of the retrieved phase image can reach the diffraction limit.
We propose a scheme to engage phase shifting interferometry on cold atomic samples and present the simulation results under several experimentally achievable conditions nowadays. This method allows far-detuning, low power probing, and is intrinsically nondestructive. This novel detection means yields image quality superior to the conventional phase contrast imaging at certain conditions and could be experimentally realized. Furthermore, the longitudinal resolution of imaging by this manner is mainly set by optical interference and can be better than the diffraction limit. This scheme also provides special advantages to diagnose the surface-trapped clouds, with which phase imaging on the fabricated wires and atoms altogether is possible as well.
We report experimental realization of lensless imaging on cold rubidium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. This imaging scheme relies on the off-resonant light refraction from the cold atoms and is employed in a phase-tunable Mach–Zehnder interferometer, accompanied with phase-shifting interferometry. With this setup, it allows obtaining the probe light phase distribution in the far field after passing the atoms, from which the near-field phase image of the atomic cloud is retrieved using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral. We show the phase images can be effectively reconstructed, and the measured two-dimensional phase distributions are in good agreement with the theory.