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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

Quantum cyclic code of length dividing pt + 1

Sagarmoy Dutta, Piyush P. Kurur

Published Jul 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study cyclic stabiliser codes over Fpof length dividing pt+ 1 for some positive integer t. We call these t-Frobenius codes or just Frobenius codes for short. We give methods to construct them and show that they have efficient decoding algorithms. An important subclass of stabiliser codes are the linear stabiliser codes. For linear Frobenius codes we have stronger results: We completely characterise all linear Frobenius codes. As a consequence, we show that for every integer n that divides pt+ 1 for an odd t, there are no linear cyclic codes of length n. On the other hand for even t, we give an explicit method to construct all of them. This gives us many explicit examples of Frobenius code which include the well studied Laflamme code. We show that the classical notion of BCH distance can be generalised to all the Frobenius codes that we construct, including the non-linear ones, and show that the algorithm of Berlekamp can be generalised to correct quantum errors within the BCH limit. This gives, for the first time, a family of codes that are neither CSS nor linear for which efficient decoding algorithm exits.

DOI
10.1109/isit.2011.6034210

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Quantum Cyclic Code of length dividing $p^{t}+1$

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In this paper, we study cyclic stabiliser codes over $\mathbb{F}_p$ of length dividing $p^t+1$ for some positive integer $t$. We call these $t$-Frobenius codes or just Frobenius codes for short. We give methods to construct them and show that they have efficient decoding algorithms. An important subclass of stabiliser codes are the linear stabiliser codes. For linear Frobenius codes we have stronger results: We completely characterise all linear Frobenius codes. As a consequence, we show that for every integer $n$ that divides $p^t+1$ for an odd $t$, there are no linear cyclic codes of length $n$. On the other hand for even $t$, we give an explicit method to construct all of them. This gives us a many explicit example of Frobenius codes which include the well studied Laflamme code. We show that the classical notion of BCH distance can be generalised to all the Frobenius codes that we construct, including the non-linear ones, and show that the algorithm of Berlekamp can be generalised to correct quantum errors within the BCH limit. This gives, for the first time, a family of codes that are neither CSS nor linear for which efficient decoding algorithm exits. The explicit examples that we construct are summarised in Table \ref{tab:explicit-examples-short} and explained in detail in Tables \ref{tab:explicit-examples-2} (linear case) and \ref{tab:explicit-examples-3} (non-linear case).

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In this paper, we study cyclic stabiliser codes over Fpof length dividing pt+ 1 for some positive integer t. We call these t-Frobenius codes or just Frobenius codes for short. We give methods to construct them and show that they have efficient decoding algorithms. An important subclass of stabiliser codes are the linear stabiliser codes. For linear Frobenius codes we have stronger results: We completely characterise all linear Frobenius codes. As a consequence, we show that for every integer n that divides pt+ 1 for an odd t, there are no linear cyclic codes of length n. On the other hand for even t, we give an explicit method to construct all of them. This gives us many explicit examples of Frobenius code which include the well studied Laflamme code. We show that the classical notion of BCH distance can be generalised to all the Frobenius codes that we construct, including the non-linear ones, and show that the algorithm of Berlekamp can be generalised to correct quantum errors within the BCH limit. This gives, for the first time, a family of codes that are neither CSS nor linear for which efficient decoding algorithm exits.
Quantum Cyclic Code of length dividing pt+1p^{t}+1pt+1
In this paper, we study cyclic stabiliser codes over Fp\mathbb{F}_pFp​ of length dividing pt+1p^t+1pt+1 for some positive integer ttt. We call these ttt-Frobenius codes or just Frobenius codes for short. We give methods to construct them and show that they have efficient decoding algorithms. An important subclass of stabiliser codes are the linear stabiliser codes. For linear Frobenius codes we have stronger results: We completely characterise all linear Frobenius codes. As a consequence, we show that for every integer nnn that divides pt+1p^t+1pt+1 for an odd ttt, there are no linear cyclic codes of length nnn. On the other hand for even ttt, we give an explicit method to construct all of them. This gives us a many explicit example of Frobenius codes which include the well studied Laflamme code. We show that the classical notion of BCH distance can be generalised to all the Frobenius codes that we construct, including the non-linear ones, and show that the algorithm of Berlekamp can be generalised to correct quantum errors within the BCH limit. This gives, for the first time, a family of codes that are neither CSS nor linear for which efficient decoding algorithm exits. The explicit examples that we construct are summarised in Table \ref{tab:explicit-examples-short} and explained in detail in Tables \ref{tab:explicit-examples-2} (linear case) and \ref{tab:explicit-examples-3} (non-linear case).
In this paper, we define and study \emph{quantum cyclic codes}, a generalisation of cyclic codes to the quantum setting. Previously studied examples of quantum cyclic codes were all quantum codes obtained from classical cyclic codes via the CSS construction. However, the codes that we study are much more general. In particular, we construct cyclic stabiliser codes with parameters [[5,1,3]][[5,1,3]][[5,1,3]], [[17,1,7]][[17,1,7]][[17,1,7]] and [[17,9,3]][[17,9,3]][[17,9,3]], all of which are \emph{not} CSS. The [[5,1,3]][[5,1,3]][[5,1,3]] code is the well known Laflamme code and to the best of our knowledge the other two are new examples. Our definition of cyclicity applies to non-stabiliser codes as well; in fact we show that the ((5,6,2))((5,6,2))((5,6,2)) nonstabiliser first constructed by Rains\etal~ cite{rains97nonadditive} and latter by Arvind \etal~\cite{arvind:2004:nonstabilizer} is cyclic. We also study stabiliser codes of length 4m+14^m +14m+1 over F2\mathbb{F}_2F2​ for which we define a notation of BCH distance. Much like the Berlekamp decoding algorithm for classical BCH codes, we give efficient quantum algorithms to correct up to $\floor{\frac{d-1}{2}}$ errors when the BCH distance is ddd.
Let Fp\mathbb{F}_pFp​ denote the finite field of order ppp, where ppp is an odd prime. We study certain quantum negacyclic codes over Fp\mathbb{F}_pFp​ which we call ttt-Frobenius negacyclic codes. We obtain a criterion for constructing such codes from certain subspaces of Fpn×Fpn\mathbb{F}_p^n\times\mathbb{F}_p^nFpn​×Fpn​ in terms of generating pairs of ideals of cyclotomic rings and we completely classify all linear ttt-Frobenius negacyclic codes. Further, the notion of BCH distance is extended for these codes and several new codes are identified.
Stabilizer codes form an important class of quantum error correcting codes which have an elegant theory, efficient error detection, and many known examples. Constructing stabilizer codes of length nnn is equivalent to constructing subspaces of Fpn×Fpn\mathbb{F}_p^n \times \mathbb{F}_p^nFpn​×Fpn​ which are "isotropic" under the symplectic bilinear form defined by ⟨(a,b),(c,d)⟩=aTd−bTc\left\langle (\mathbf{a},\mathbf{b}),(\mathbf{c},\mathbf{d}) \right\rangle = \mathbf{a}^{\mathrm{T}} \mathbf{d} - \mathbf{b}^{\mathrm{T}} \mathbf{c}⟨(a,b),(c,d)⟩=aTd−bTc. As a result, many, but not all, ideas from the theory of classical error correction can be translated to quantum error correction. One of the main theoretical contribution of this article is to study stabilizer codes starting with a different symplectic form. In this paper, we concentrate on cyclic codes. Modifying the symplectic form allows us to generalize the previous known construction for linear cyclic stabilizer codes, and in the process, circumvent some of the Galois theoretic no-go results proved there. More importantly, this tweak in the symplectic form allows us to make use of well known error correcting algorithms for cyclic codes to give efficient quantum error correcting algorithms. Cyclicity of error correcting codes is a "basis dependent" property. Our codes are no more "cyclic" when they are derived using the standard symplectic forms (if we ignore the error correcting properties like distance, all such symplectic forms can be converted to each other via a basis transformation). Hence this change of perspective is crucial from the point of view of designing efficient decoding algorithm for these family of codes. In this context, recall that for general codes, efficient decoding algorithms do not exist if some widely believed complexity theoretic assumptions are true.
In this paper, we construct a new family of quantum synchronizable codes from repeated-root cyclic codes of lengths psand lpsover Fq, where s 1 andl ≥ 2 are integers, and p ≥ 3 is the odd characteristic. Within some loose limitations, these synchronizable codes can possess the best possible capability in synchronization recovery, and therefore, enriches the variety of good quantum synchronizable codes. Furthermore, by using known techniques in classical coding theory which convert the computation of the minimum distance of a repeated-root cyclic code to that of a shorter simple-root cyclic code, we prove that the repeated-root cyclic codes of lengths ps and l ps are in general better than narrow-sense BCH codes of close lengths in terms of minimum distances, and thereby enable the obtained synchronizable codes to correct more Pauli errors.
Quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) play an important role in preventing quantum information decoherence. Good quantum stabilizer codes were constructed by classical error correcting codes. In this paper, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes over finite fields are used to construct quantum codes. First, we try to find such classical BCH codes, which contain their dual codes, by studying the suitable cyclotomic cosets. Then, we construct nonbinary quantum BCH codes with given parameter sets. Finally, a new family of quantum BCH codes can be realized by Steane's enlargement of nonbinary Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) construction and Hermitian construction. We have proven that the cyclotomic cosets are good tools to study quantum BCH codes. The defining sets contain the highest numbers of consecutive integers. Compared with the results in the references, the new quantum BCH codes have better code parameters without restrictions and better lower bounds on minimum distances. What is more, the new quantum codes can be constructed over any finite fields, which enlarges the range of quantum BCH codes.