© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Cross talk in nonlinear interference filters: loop narrowing and critical slowing down

E. Abraham, Cameron F. Rae

Published Apr 1, 1987• 12 citations

Abstract

We study theoretically static and dynamic effects of cross talk between two bistable elements in the same interference filter. The nonlinearity is assumed to be thermal. In the steady state we find that an element in the ON state causes a thermal detuning in another in the OFF state, thereby decreasing its threshold power and narrowing its bistable region. We discuss various ON/OFF combinations in terms of interpixel separation. Starting with two elements in the OFF state, transients are studied by switching one of them with a pulse while the other one remains unaddressed. As the separation approaches a critical value from below, the switching time of the second element diverges. We interpret this effect as critical slowing down. Extension of these results to any array is also discussed.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.4.000490

Related papers

Cross talk between bistable elements on an InSb étalon

James Young, David J. Hagan, Harvey Richardson +2 more

Cross talk due to transverse carrier diffusion between identical bistable elements on an InSb étalon at 80 K is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Measurements of cross talk between two such elements show that typically, for a practical system, a critical separation of a few diffusion lengths between beam centers is necessary for independent operation. When the difference between holding and switching powers approaches zero, the results show that the critical distance diverges. Delays as great as 4 μsec have been observed when one element is switched and its neighbor is induced to switch through the cross-talk mechanism. These delays can be partially attributed to critical slowing down, and, in principle, they diverge as the interelement distance is increased toward the critical separation. A theoretical model based on the diffusion equation for the single-pass nonlinear phase shift shows how the critical separation depends on physical parameters and the number of elements forming an array. We found that the relevant interaction is essentially limited to nearest neighbors. When the theory is applied to two bistable elements, good agreement is obtained with the experiments in both the steady and the dynamic states.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 1, 1988•2 citations

Dynamics of thermally induced optical bistability

I. Jánossy, Jinesh Mathew, E. Abraham +2 more

The steady-state model of thermally induced optical bistability, presented in a previous paper, is extended to describe transient phenomena. A nonlinear integral equation is derived which can be readily solved for arbitrary time dependence of the input power. We apply the model to switching processes in bistable ZnSe interference filters. The corresponding experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Dec 1, 1986•22 citations

Fast Switchings and Slowing Down in Thermal Optical Bistable Devices

A. Daunois, J.-Y. Bigot, J. B. Grün

The switching dynamics of thermally induced optical bistability in ZnSe nonlinear interference filters is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The device, maintained on its low transmission level by a cw argon laser beam, is switched on its high transmission level by an external light pulse. Either a very fast switching or an important slowing down are obtained when the holding cw intensity or the switching pulse energy are well chosen. This variation of the switching times is analyzed theoretically and observed experimentally.

Physica Scripta•Jan 1, 1987•0 citations

Transverse effects and slowing down in the switching dynamics of induced absorption optical bistability

M. Wegener, Claus F. Klingshirn, A. Daunois +3 more

The switching dynamics of photothermal-induced absorption optical bistability is studied in CdS. The bistable element being held near its switching threshold is switched by a pulse of an excimer laser, which can be regarded as δ shaped in time with respect to the thermal relaxation time of the sample. The dynamics of the switching process is influenced by the transverse relaxation of the temperature in the sample. Under appropriate conditions either a slowing down or a fast switching is observed.

Applied Physics Letters•Feb 29, 1988•13 citations

THERMAL RELAXATION TIMES OF BISTABLE THIN FILM ELEMENTS

Veronika Glaw, Klemens Janiak, A. Kummrow +2 more

The heat flow in evaporated thin film interference filters with CdS spacer and an optional CdSe absorption layer is investigated, analyzing the dynamics of optical bistability. The influence of the spot radius r of the exciting laser beam on the switching parameters is studied experimentally and theoretically. The response to pulsed excitation of the bistable devices can be described with a relaxation time τ~r and an effective nonlinearity χ~r−2 which is inversely proportional to the heat capacity of the bistable element.

Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials•Apr 1, 1993•2 citations

Switching dynamics of thermally induced optical bistability: Theoretical analysis

J.-Y. Bigot, A. Daunois, J. B. Grün

A model based on the heat diffusion equation is used to describe the switching dynamics in thermally induced optical bistable devices. In this model, energy is brought to the device by a cw holding light beam and by a light pulse. In this case, it is shown that switching times can be much faster than the thermal relaxation constant of the material. This model, applied to nonlinear ZnSe interference filters, explains the switching behavior recently observed.

Physical Review A•May 1, 1987•9 citations

We study theoretically static and dynamic effects of cross talk between two bistable elements in the same interference filter. The nonlinearity is assumed to be thermal. In the steady state we find that an element in the ON state causes a thermal detuning in another in the OFF state, thereby decreasing its threshold power and narrowing its bistable region. We discuss various ON/OFF combinations in terms of interpixel separation. Starting with two elements in the OFF state, transients are studied by switching one of them with a pulse while the other one remains unaddressed. As the separation approaches a critical value from below, the switching time of the second element diverges. We interpret this effect as critical slowing down. Extension of these results to any array is also discussed.

Cross talk due to transverse carrier diffusion between identical bistable elements on an InSb étalon at 80 K is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Measurements of cross talk between two such elements show that typically, for a practical system, a critical separation of a few diffusion lengths between beam centers is necessary for independent operation. When the difference between holding and switching powers approaches zero, the results show that the critical distance diverges. Delays as great as 4 μsec have been observed when one element is switched and its neighbor is induced to switch through the cross-talk mechanism. These delays can be partially attributed to critical slowing down, and, in principle, they diverge as the interelement distance is increased toward the critical separation. A theoretical model based on the diffusion equation for the single-pass nonlinear phase shift shows how the critical separation depends on physical parameters and the number of elements forming an array. We found that the relevant interaction is essentially limited to nearest neighbors. When the theory is applied to two bistable elements, good agreement is obtained with the experiments in both the steady and the dynamic states.

The switching dynamics of thermally induced optical bistability in ZnSe nonlinear interference filters is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The device, maintained on its low transmission level by a cw argon laser beam, is switched on its high transmission level by an external light pulse. Either a very fast switching or an important slowing down are obtained when the holding cw intensity or the switching pulse energy are well chosen. This variation of the switching times is analyzed theoretically and observed experimentally.

The switching dynamics of photothermal-induced absorption optical bistability is studied in CdS. The bistable element being held near its switching threshold is switched by a pulse of an excimer laser, which can be regarded as δ shaped in time with respect to the thermal relaxation time of the sample. The dynamics of the switching process is influenced by the transverse relaxation of the temperature in the sample. Under appropriate conditions either a slowing down or a fast switching is observed.

The heat flow in evaporated thin film interference filters with CdS spacer and an optional CdSe absorption layer is investigated, analyzing the dynamics of optical bistability. The influence of the spot radius r of the exciting laser beam on the switching parameters is studied experimentally and theoretically. The response to pulsed excitation of the bistable devices can be described with a relaxation time τ~r and an effective nonlinearity χ~r−2 which is inversely proportional to the heat capacity of the bistable element.