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Optics Express

Spatially resolved magnetometry using cold atoms in dark optical tweezers

Fredrik K. Fatemi, Mark Bashkansky

Published Jan 19, 2010• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We use Faraday spectroscopy of atoms confined to crossed hollow beam tweezers to map magnetic fields over 3 millimeters with 200 micron resolution in a single trap loading cycle. The hollow beams are formed using spatial light modulation, and the trap location is scanned using acousto-optic deflectors. We demonstrate the technique by mapping a linear quadrupole magnetic field with 10 nT sensitivity.

DOI
10.1364/oe.18.002190

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We use Faraday spectroscopy of atoms confined to crossed hollow beam tweezers to map magnetic fields over 3 millimeters with 200 micron resolution in a single trap loading cycle. The hollow beams are formed using spatial light modulation, and the trap location is scanned using acousto-optic deflectors. We demonstrate the technique by mapping a linear quadrupole magnetic field with 10 nT sensitivity.
We demonstrate Faraday spectroscopy with a high duty cycle and sampling rate using atoms confined to a blue-detuned optical trap. Our trap consists of a crossed pair of high-charge-number hollow laser beams, which forms a dark, boxlike potential. We have used this to measure transient magnetic fields in a $500\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$-diameter spot over a 400 ms time window with nearly unit duty cycle at a 500-Hz sampling rate. We use these measurements to quantify and compensate time-varying magnetic fields to $\ensuremath{\approx}10\text{ }$ nT per time sample.
We implement a scalable platform for quantum sensing comprising hundreds of sites capable of holding individual laser-cooled atoms and demonstrate the applicability of this single-quantum-system sensor array to magnetic-field mapping on a two-dimensional grid. With each atom being confined in an optical tweezer within an area of 0.5 micrometer^2 at mutual separations of 7.0(2) micrometer, we obtain micrometer-scale spatial resolution and highly parallelized operation. An additional steerable optical tweezer allows for a rearrangement of atoms within the grid and enables single-atom scanning microscopy with sub-micron resolution. This individual-atom sensor platform finds its immediate application in mapping an externally applied DC gradient magnetic field. In a Ramsey-type measurement, we obtain a field resolution of 98(29) nanotesla. We estimate the sensitivity to 25 microtesla/Hz^1/2.
This thesis covers experimental work conducted within two distinct fields of cold-atom physics. The first part describes an experiment capable of spatially-selective dispersive measurements of a cold-atomic system in part or in whole, by virtue of a digital micromirror device (DMD). Atom clouds are trapped in optical tweezers made and controlled by an acousto-optical deflector. Two types of high-precision magnetometers are realised. One is vectorial and reaches a single-shot precision of dB = (100, 200) µG for the field components parallel and transversal to the probe light, exceeding a previous realisation by two orders of magnitude. The other is a scalar magnetometer based on Larmor precession and reaches dB = 30 µG, putting it on equal footing with other state-of-the-art cold-atom magnetometers. The second part is devoted to the characterisation and the first results of a new quantum gas microscope experiment. It features a 0.69 NA microscope objective for high-resolution fluorescence imaging of individual atoms trapped in deep optical lattices. The imaging system is shown to perform near the diffraction limit. By means of DMD-generated off-resonant tight optical tweezers, projected through the high-resolution optics, we can load only a few planes of a co-propagating 1D lattice. In a single realisation of the experiment we acquire multiple fluorescence images, where the objective is translated between images, bringing different planes of the optical lattices in focus. In this way we can tomographically reconstruct the atom distribution in 3D.
We implement a scalable platform for quantum sensing comprising hundreds of sites capable of holding individual laser-cooled atoms and demonstrate the applicability of this single-quantum-system sensor array to magnetic field mapping on a two-dimensional grid. With each atom being confined in an optical tweezer within an area of 0.5 μ m 2 at mutual separations of 7.0 ( 2 ) μ m , we obtain micrometer-scale spatial resolution and highly parallelized operation. An additional steerable optical tweezer allows rearrangement of atoms within the grid and enables single-atom scanning microscopy with submicron resolution. This individual-atom sensor platform finds an immediate application in mapping an externally applied dc gradient magnetic field. In a Ramsey-type measurement, we obtain a field resolution of 98(29) nT. We estimate the sensitivity to be 25 μ T / Hz . Published by the American Physical Society 2024