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IEEE Communications Letters

On the Reliability-Security Tradeoff and Secrecy Throughput in Cooperative ARQ

Xinrong Guan, Yueming Cai, Weiwei Yang

Published Feb 12, 2014• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work has studied the physical layer security in cooperative automatic-repeat-request (CARQ), under the assumption of no instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at legitimate users. Different from present works, this paper not only derives closed form expressions for connection outage probability (COP) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) to evaluate the reliability and security, respectively, but also first establishes the direct relationship between them via the reliability-security tradeoff (RST). Moreover, we present a novel formulation for secrecy throughput, which gives a more complete insight into the efficiency of CARQ achieving reliable and secure transmission.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2014.012714.132836

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This work has studied the physical layer security in cooperative automatic-repeat-request (CARQ), under the assumption of no instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at legitimate users. Different from present works, this paper not only derives closed form expressions for connection outage probability (COP) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) to evaluate the reliability and security, respectively, but also first establishes the direct relationship between them via the reliability-security tradeoff (RST). Moreover, we present a novel formulation for secrecy throughput, which gives a more complete insight into the efficiency of CARQ achieving reliable and secure transmission.
This work investigates the physical layer security for three cooperative automatic-repeat-request (CARQ) protocols, including the decode-and-forward (DF) CARQ, opportunistic DF (ODF) CARQ, and the distributed space-time code (DSTC) CARQ. Assuming that there is no instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of legitimate users' channel and eavesdropper's channel at the transmitter, the connection outage performance and secrecy outage performance are derived to evaluate the reliability and security of each CARQ protocol. Then, we redefine the concept of the secrecy throughput to evaluate the overall efficiency of the system in terms of maintaining both reliable and secure transmission. Furthermore, through an asymptotic analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the direct relationship between reliability and security is established via the reliability-security tradeoff (RST). Numerical results verify the analysis and show the efficiency of the CARQ protocols in terms of the improvement on the secrecy throughput. More interestingly, increasing the transmit SNR and the maximum number of transmissions of the ARQ protocols may not achieve a security performance gain. In addition, the RST results underline the importance of determining how to balance the reliability vs. security, and show the superiority of ODF CARQ in terms of RST.
We investigate the physical layer security in non-regenerative untrusted relay networks, where the relay is a potential eavesdropper despite its cooperatively relaying the information. The current research and development of untrusted relay is often based on the assumption of perfect channel knowledge or the capability of variable-rate transmissions which is decided by instantaneous channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission in a more practical scenario, where the source does not have or trust relay's feedback and uses fixed-rate transmissions. We first calculate the exact connection outage probability (COP) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) to describe the level of reliability and security of the communication system, respectively. Then, the closed-form of reliable-and-secure probability (RSP) is derived to character the trade-off between reliability and security. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulation results are presented to verify the validity of our theoretical analysis.
Under the assumption of outdated CSI, the transmission design and secrecy performance in cooperative networks is studied. Using the delay correlation model, the source first estimates the connection outage probability (COP) and secrecy outage probability (SOP), respectively, thus the secrecy information can be encoded into a Wyner code with proper rate pair. If the destination does not decode but the relay does, an opportunistic decode-and-forward (ODF) cooperation would be implemented to help the transmission. Some new insights into the secrecy performance of ODF are provided via the analysis of reliability-security tradeoff (RST) and secrecy throughput.
Physical layer security is an emerging technique to improve the wireless communication security and the corresponding techniques under practical scenarios especially with imperfect channel state information (CSI) need to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we investigate the robust secure transmission for cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) in multiple-input-single-output (MISO) relaying wiretap channels with channel estimation errors. Firstly, the robust transmit covariance matrices and the optimal beamforming weights are obtained using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) approach to maximize the secrecy rate under power constraint and channel uncertainties. Besides, we further propose a robust design scheme from the secrecy outage-based characterizations for minimizing the secrecy outage probability of legitimate destination. Moreover, a non-robust scheme, in which the designed beamformer refers to the generalized eigenvectors of the channels' matrix pencil, is also considered as a benchmark. Simulation results verify the robustness of the proposed schemes against the estimation errors and shows that the robust design schemes can significantly improve the security performance of the network.
Considering a nonregenerative untrusted relay network, we investigate three different secure transmission strategies, for example, noncooperative strategy, conventional amplify-and-forward (AF) strategy, and cooperative jamming (CJ) strategy. To thoroughly assess the secrecy performance achieved by the three strategies, we derive the closed-form expressions for the connection outage probability and secrecy outage probability regarding each strategy. Based on these expressions, the reliability and security tradeoff (RST) is examined to facilitate the design of the transmitting parameters. We then present the closed-form expression for the effective secrecy throughput (EST) and characterize the overall efficiency of these transmission strategies. Furthermore, we conduct the asymptotic analysis for the secrecy throughput, which enables us to determine the optimal transmission strategy under different scenarios. Our analytical and numerical results demonstrate that compared with the noncooperative and AF strategies, the CJ strategy possesses the best performance in terms of RST. Additionally, we also find that the EST performance of the AF strategy is nearly invariable when the quality of the second hop changes.
This paper investigates physical layer security (PLS) in hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks, where a security-required user is paired with a quality of service (QoS)-required user to perform NOMA in presence of an eavesdropper (Eve). We derive the closed-form expressions for connection outage probability (COP) of security-required and QoS-required users. In addition, the closed-form expressions for secrecy outage probability (SOP) secrecy transmission probability (RSP), and effective secrecy throughput (EST) of security-required user are also derived. Although the expression of SOP demonstrates that HARQ increases the risk of leaking confidential message to eavesdropper (Eve), however, from the perspective of Eve and security-required user, secrecy performance improves significantly, in terms of EST and RSP, when applying HARQ.