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Physical Review A

Three-qubit phase gate based on cavity quantum electrodynamics

Juntao Chang, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published Jan 23, 2008• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a three-qubit quantum phase gate which is implemented by passing a four-level atom in a cascade configuration initially in its ground state through a three-mode optical cavity. The three qubits are represented by the photons in the three modes of the cavity. Under appropriate detunings, coupling coefficients, and interaction times, this system exhibits like a three-qubit quantum phase gate. Such a quantum phase gate has potential applications in quantum search.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.012329

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We describe a three-qubit quantum phase gate which is implemented by passing a four-level atom in a cascade configuration initially in its ground state through a three-mode optical cavity. The three qubits are represented by the photons in the three modes of the cavity. Under appropriate detunings, coupling coefficients, and interaction times, this system exhibits like a three-qubit quantum phase gate. Such a quantum phase gate has potential applications in quantum search.
We describe a quantum phase gate in which the two qubits are represented by the photons in the two modes of the cavity field. The gate is implemented by passing a three-level atom in a cascade configuration through the cavity. The upper levels of the atom are resonant with one of the cavity modes whereas the lower levels are appropriately detuned from the other mode of the cavity. A $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift is introduced when there is one photon each in the two modes and the atom is initially in the ground state. We also discuss the one-bit unitary gate in such a system and discuss potential applications.
We propose a scheme for realization of three-qubit controlled-phase gate via passing two three-level atoms through a high-Q optical cavity in a cavity QED system. In the presented protocol, the two stable ground states of the atoms act as the two controlling qubits and the zero- and one-photon Fock states of the cavity-field form the target qubit, and no auxiliary state or any measurement is required. The numerical simulation shows that the gate fidelities remain at a high level under the influence of the atomic spontaneous emission, the decay of the cavity mode and deviation of the coupling strength. The experimental feasibility of our proposal is also discussed.
We propose a scheme for realizing quantum three-qubit phase gate operation, in a three-mode cavity where the large detuned cavity-mode fields interact with the four-level artificial atom of an rf-SQUID in tripod-type configuration. In this scheme, the two lowest levels of the artificial atom represent the two logical states of the target qubit and two cavity-mode states are the control qubits, while the third cavity-mode field serves the gate manipulation. Since only the metastable lower levels are involved in the gate operations, the gate is insensitive to the decay rates of the artificial atom, which makes this scheme advantageous and it is important in view of decoherence.
A scheme is proposed to obtain three-qubit gates, such as quantum-phase gate and C2{C}^{2}C2-NOT gate operations, in a cavity QED system where highly detuned cavity-field modes interact with a four-level system in an inverted-Y configuration. The influence of the Stark shift is also included in such proposed gate operations. Since only the metastable lower levels are involved in the gate operations, the gates are not affected by the atomic decay rates. The potential application of such gates to realize Grover's algorithm is also discussed.