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Canadian Journal of Physics

Energy transfer between the 2S and 2D states in alkalis: experiments and theory

Aigars Ekers, Małgorzata Głódź, V. Grushevsky, Janis Klavins, Jerzy Szonert

Published Aug 1, 2001• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Collisional energy transfer (ET) between the 2S and 2D states of alkali atoms is reviewed. Recent experimental results on the ET in homonuclear collisions in Na, K, and Rb vapours upon cw (continuous wave) and pulsed laser excitation, as well as theoretical calculations of the respective cross sections are discussed. The mechanisms of these processes are considered in an attempt to clarify the role of the dipole–dipole interaction. PACS No.: 34.50Fa

DOI
10.1139/p01-063

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Collisional energy transfer (ET) between the 2S and 2D states of alkali atoms is reviewed. Recent experimental results on the ET in homonuclear collisions in Na, K, and Rb vapours upon cw (continuous wave) and pulsed laser excitation, as well as theoretical calculations of the respective cross sections are discussed. The mechanisms of these processes are considered in an attempt to clarify the role of the dipole–dipole interaction. PACS No.: 34.50Fa
The cross sections for the excitation energy transfer induced by collisions with He, Ar and Na ground-state atoms have been measured. The sodium atoms in the 4D state have been produced by two-photon excitation using cw laser radiation at 578.89 nm. Within a model which takes into account collisional population and depopulation of the 4F level as well as radiative relaxation (direct or cascade) of the 3D, 4P, 4D and 4F states ending in the 3P level, the rate for the collisional transfer turns out to be related to the ratio of the steady-state populations created in 3D and 4D states. They have been determined by measuring the fluorescence intensities of the and transitions. The measurements yield the following cross section values for those processes investigated: , and , at .
An account of recent work is given by the author and co-workers on the experimental determination of cross sections for excitation transfer between the (2)P((1/2)) and (2)P(3/2)resonance levels in potassium, rubidium and cesium, induced by inelastic collisions with alkali atoms and inert gas atoms in their ground states. Forty values of cross sections were obtained in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments, in which alkali vapors and vapor-gas mixtures were irradiated with one component of the appropriate alkali resonance doublet, and the relative intensities of both components appearing in the fluorescent light were measured. The experiments indicate that the collisional interaction between an alkali atom in a (2)P state and a ground state inert gas atom probably occurs between the inert gas atom and the (2)P alkali valence electron which behaves like a quasi-free particle.
Abstract. The cross sections for the Na.4D/! Na.4F / excitation energy transfer induced by collisions with He, Ar and Na ground-state atoms have been measured. The sodium atoms in the 4D state have been produced by two-photon excitation using cw laser radiation at 578.89 nm. Within a model which takes into account collisional population and depopulation of the 4F level as well as radiative relaxation (direct or cascade) of the 3D, 4P, 4D and 4F states ending in the 3P level, the rate for the Na.4D / ! Na.4F / collisional transfer turns out to be related to the ratio of the steady-state populations created in 3D and 4D states. They have been determined by measuring the fluorescence intensities of the 3D! 3P and 4D! 3P transitions. The measurements yield the following cross section values for those
In the K-Rb vaper mixtures, the two-photon stepwise excitation of rubidium atoms from the ground state to the state Rb 7 2D is obtained by the use of a rubidium lamp and a cw dye laser. The cross sections for the collisional process Rb (7 2D) +K (4S) -->Rb (5S) +K (7S. 5D) have been measured by observation of the resulting fluorescence. The ratio of K (7S. 5D) to Rb7D fluorescence contains a contribution from K 7S<==>5D mixing. The contribution could effectively be subtracted out using a second experiment in which a potassium lamp and a cw dye laser were used to pump the K7S or 5D state, and the ratio of 7S to 5D or 5D to 7S fluorescence was monitored. The cross sections (in 10(-15)cm2) for Rb7D-->K7S. 5D excitation transfer are 25.8 +/- 10. 3 and 1.5 +/- 0.6 respectively.
The laser-induced collisional energy transfer process: Rb(5 2 P 3 2/)+Na(3 2 S 1 2/)+hv implies Rb(5 2 S 1 2/)+Na(3 2 D 3 2.5/2/), is experimentally investigated. The relative transfer cross section or transfer profile is measured versus the frequency of the photon. The far wing of the transfer profile is well interpreted using the quasi-static approximation. However, it is shown that the central part of the profile is reproduced only by taking into account non-adiabatic mixing between molecular levels during the collision.