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Optics Communications

Two-dimensional motion of cold atoms in a near-resonant annular laser beam: artificial two-dimensional molecules

Ewan M. Wright, Poul S. lessen, G LAPEYERE

Published Sep 1, 1996• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(96)00201-5

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The African review of physics•Oct 15, 2007•1 citation
The Gaussian radius and temperature of cold atomic cloud are important parameters in describing the state of cold atoms. The precise measuring of these two parameters is of great significance for studying the cold atoms. In this paper, we propose a new method named knife-edge to measure the Gaussian radius and temperature of the cold atomic cloud. A near-resonant and supersaturated laser beam, whose size is controlled by a knife-edge aperture, is used to push away the cold atoms in the free falling process of cold atomic cloud. By detecting the intensity of fluorescence signal, the numbers of residual atoms under different-sized near-resonant beams can be obtained. According to the characteristic of cold atoms′ distribution, we construct a theoretical model to derive the Gaussian radius of cold atomic cloud from the recorded residual atom number and near-resonant beam size. Since the Gaussian radius and temperature of cold atomic cloud are associated with each other, we can finally obtain the temperature of cold atomic cloud through the recorded residual atom number and beam size. By using this method, we successfully measure the Gaussian radii of cold atomic cloud at the heights of 10 mm and 160 mm below the center of 3D-MOT (three dimensional magneto-optical trap) to be (1.54 ± 0.05) mm and (3.29 ± 0.08) mm, respectively. The corresponding temperature of cold atomic cloud is calculated to be (7.50 ± 0.49) μK, which is well consistent with the experimental result obtained by using the time-of-flight method under the same condition. This experiment is conducted on the platform of Cesium atomic fountain clock of National Time Service Center, China.
The interaction of atoms and molecules with structured light, specifically laser light endowed with the property of orbital angular momentum, such as Laguerre-Gaussian light, is discussed. The primary effects of interest here are the influence of the light on the gross motion of atoms and molecules and the possibilities this motion provides for particle manipulation in cooling, heating and trapping experiments. It turns out that, in addition to the possibility of modifying translational motion, suitably structured light can facilitate the manipulation of rotational motion. The latter possibility arises from a light-induced torque that is directly attributable to the orbital angular momentum property of the light. We outline the physics responsible for these effects and consider applications to typical cases in which atoms and ions are subject to near resonant Laguerre-Gaussian beams, leading to characteristic trajectories and eventual trapping in specific regions. Details are given for optical molasses configurations based on twisted light beams arranged in one-, two- and three-dimensional counter-propagating pairs. We extend consideration to the case of liquid crystals, subject to Laguerre-Gaussian light tuned far off-resonance, and show how this leads to the twisting of the directors in the liquid crystal, coinciding with the intensity distribution of the light.