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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Spatiotemporal dynamics and correlations in cascade and two-photon lasers

Jordi García‐Ojalvo, M. C. Torrent, Ramon A. Vilaseca, Maxi San Miguel

Published May 12, 2000• 0 citations
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Abstract

Summary form only given. The present communication investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of three-level cascade lasers, and of their two-photon limit, and discusses the existence of spatial correlations between the two emitted laser beams, in what we believe to be the first example of such a phenomenon in purely active media. Spatial correlations can be clearly observed in the case of stable transverse traveling-wave (TW) emission, which occurs in a non-negligible range of parameter values.

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Anomalous quantum processes in the context of spontaneous emission (SpE)1,2 and stimulated emission (StE)3,4, which are closely related to the fundamental dynamics of photon emission and to the related plane-wave quantum photon delocalization process4,5 were studied by our laboratory by use of the optical microcavity. The most efficient method we adopt in our present studies consists of a detailed investigation of the Bose-Einstein (BE) transverse quantum correlation process established within the microcavity active plane between two identical cylindrical microlasers (with diameter δ≈30 μm) excited by two identical focused pump beams (at wavelength λ p = 0.53 μm when working within nanosecond exciting pulse-duration (Δτ) conditions, SHG by an unstable-cavity Nd-YAG laser) and coupled to the same and common microcavity plane-wave, forward k-mode. Our investigation of the quantum coupling process consists of the determination of the thresholdless laser-gain (g) of the overall active device as a function of the radial distance s between the microlasers and determined by the position of the pump focused beams. The solution of the detailed QED intermicrolaser coupling equations leads to the determination of the s-dependence of the relevant dynamical quantity α(s), the degree of BE transverse quantum correlation by assuming the microcavity spacing d = d ¯ N , d ¯ ≡ λ / 2 as a relevant parameter. The overall laser output radiation is detected by a high quantum efficiency, cooled photomultiplier by previous focusing onto a 20-μm pinhole, making a spatial filter that dis criminates efficiently against detection of radiation emitted on FP-cavity modes other than the forward-mode.4

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1991•0 citations
Summary form only given. The present communication investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of three-level cascade lasers, and of their two-photon limit, and discusses the existence of spatial correlations between the two emitted laser beams, in what we believe to be the first example of such a phenomenon in purely active media. Spatial correlations can be clearly observed in the case of stable transverse traveling-wave (TW) emission, which occurs in a non-negligible range of parameter values.
This chapter culminates with a discussion of the photon wave mechanical picture of the correlated spontaneous emissions from a three-level atom. The photon spin entanglement of the two-photon cascade J = 0→ J = 1→ J = 0 is briefly analyzed in Sec. 32.5, paying attention to the correlations in the spin state space. Measurements are always carried out in direct space, and for this reason alone it is of interest to study the space-time correlations of the cascade process. The existing theories focus attention on the far-field correlations [214]. In the far field the spatial extension of the rim zone of the atom is unimportant. However, if one imagines that the two detectors needed to measure the second-order correlation matrix at two different space-time points are moved into the rim zone of the atom, the lack of spatial localization of the transverse photons mixes with the quantum mechanical entanglement phenomenon. The standard theory of two-photon cascade entanglement is extended to the domain of near-field electrodynamics by relating the final two-photon state in Hilbert space to photon wave mechanics in direct space.
Expressions are derived for the intensity correlations or degrees of second-order coherence within and between two light beams of different frequency generated by cascade emission from a three-level atom. The atoms are assumed to be excited by two monochromatic coherent light beams in resonance with the upper and lower pairs of levels that constitute the triplet. The two emitted beams individually show photon antibunching and the correlation between the beams shows another complementary kind of non-classical effect. It is suggested that measurements on the system described here would provide more detailed information on quantum effects in cascade emission than previous observations with direct excitation to the uppermost atomic level by electron bombardment.
Summary form only given. It is well known that in dense media the effective field acting on an atom/molecule is no longer the macroscopic field but the so-called local field, which is due to all external sources and to all dipole moments of the atoms/molecules within the sample except the one under consideration. The inclusion of the local field effects gives rise to the prediction of a large number of interesting phenomena in optical systems, such as spectral red shifts, mirrorless optical bistability, "piezophotonic" effects, and enhancement of inversionless gain and absorptionless index in lasing without inversion. As an example, a density of 10/sup 17/ atoms/cm/sup 3/ of sodium atoms is sufficient to give rise to a shift of about 1 GHz of the sodium D line. We analyze here the role of the local field effects on the spatiotemporal dynamics of broad-area homogeneously broadened three-level lasers. In these three-level systems, laser emission in one atomic transition is investigated while an external plane-wave driving laser couples an adjacent transition. Due to the interplay between atomic nonlinearities and light diffraction, the optical wavevector of the generated laser field develops a small component in the transverse plane, i.e., the emitted laser beam is slightly tilted with respect to the cavity-axis.
The stationary emission and stability of a three-level cascade laser in which two fields of different frequencies can be simultaneously amplified is investigated under conditions of cavity detuning. Different monomode and bimode solutions are found and analysed for the effects of different pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations. At moderate cavity detunings, features different from those observed in other classes of lasers are found, such as for instance a decrease in the instability threshold when detuning is introduced. Particular attention is paid to the case of resonance of the two-photon transition, which allows us to study the continuous evolution, when detuning is increased, of a resonant cascade laser towards a pure two-photon laser. In particular, this establishes the origin of some features which are characteristic of two-photon lasers.
Anomalous quantum processes in the context of spontaneous emission (SpE)1,2 and stimulated emission (StE)3,4, which are closely related to the fundamental dynamics of photon emission and to the related plane-wave quantum photon delocalization process4,5 were studied by our laboratory by use of the optical microcavity. The most efficient method we adopt in our present studies consists of a detailed investigation of the Bose-Einstein (BE) transverse quantum correlation process established within the microcavity active plane between two identical cylindrical microlasers (with diameter δ≈30 μm) excited by two identical focused pump beams (at wavelength λ p = 0.53 μm when working within nanosecond exciting pulse-duration (Δτ) conditions, SHG by an unstable-cavity Nd-YAG laser) and coupled to the same and common microcavity plane-wave, forward k-mode. Our investigation of the quantum coupling process consists of the determination of the thresholdless laser-gain (g) of the overall active device as a function of the radial distance s between the microlasers and determined by the position of the pump focused beams. The solution of the detailed QED intermicrolaser coupling equations leads to the determination of the s-dependence of the relevant dynamical quantity α(s), the degree of BE transverse quantum correlation by assuming the microcavity spacing d = d ¯ N , d ¯ ≡ λ / 2 as a relevant parameter. The overall laser output radiation is detected by a high quantum efficiency, cooled photomultiplier by previous focusing onto a 20-μm pinhole, making a spatial filter that dis criminates efficiently against detection of radiation emitted on FP-cavity modes other than the forward-mode.4