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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Multiple-Qubit Quantum State Visualization

Joseph B. Altepeter, Evan R. Jeffrey, Milja Medić, Prem Kumar

Published Jan 1, 2009• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a method for graphically visualizing any two-qubit quantum state. This tool, based on the Poincaré sphere, provides an unambiguous, intuitive, and useful compliment to photonic state tomography.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2009.iwc1

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Quantum state tomography is a fundamental task in quantum computing, involving the reconstruction of an unknown quantum state from measurement outcomes. Although essential, it is typically introduced at the graduate level due to its reliance on advanced concepts such as the density matrix formalism, tensor product structures, and partial trace operations. This complexity often creates a barrier for students and early learners. In this work, we introduce QubitLens, an interactive visualization tool designed to make quantum state tomography more accessible and intuitive. QubitLens leverages maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), a classical statistical method, to estimate pure quantum states from projective measurement outcomes in theX,YX, YX,Y, andZZZbases. The tool emphasizes conceptual clarity through visual representations, including Bloch sphere plots of true and reconstructed qubit states, bar charts comparing parameter estimates, and fidelity gauges that quantify reconstruction accuracy. QubitLens offers a hands-on approach to learning quantum tomography without requiring deep prior knowledge of density matrices or optimization theory. The tool supports both single- and multi-qubit systems and is intended to bridge the gap between theory and practice in quantum computing education.