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Journal of Modern Physics

Wave-Particle Duality in Einstein-de Broglie Programs

Claude Elbaz

Published Jan 1, 2014• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The standard model of particle physics forms a consistent system for universe description.After following quantum mechanics, it derives particles from relativistic quantum fields.Since it does not include gravitation, it describes only one aspect of the universe.In extension of general relativity, Einstein had proposed a symmetrical and complementary approach of physics.In his program, he privileged a relativist field based on representations for physical phenomena, before a precise mathematical description.It allows completing and unifying the universe description, like both eyes for relief vision, and both ears for stereophonic audition.We propose to show it with many simple examples.

DOI
10.4236/jmp.2014.518213

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The standard model of particle physics forms a consistent system for universe description.After following quantum mechanics, it derives particles from relativistic quantum fields.Since it does not include gravitation, it describes only one aspect of the universe.In extension of general relativity, Einstein had proposed a symmetrical and complementary approach of physics.In his program, he privileged a relativist field based on representations for physical phenomena, before a precise mathematical description.It allows completing and unifying the universe description, like both eyes for relief vision, and both ears for stereophonic audition.We propose to show it with many simple examples.
The Einstein’s program forms a consistent system for universe description, beside the standard model of particles. It is founded upon a scalar field propagating at speed of light c, which constitutes a common relativist framework for classical and quantum properties of matter and interactions. Matter corresponds to standing waves. Classical domain corresponds to geometrical optics approximation, when frequencies are infinitely high, and then hidden. Quantum domain corresponds to wave optics approximation. Adiabatic variations of frequencies yield electromagnetic interaction. They lead also to Classical and Quantum Mechanics equations, with unification of first and second quantifications for interactions and matter, and to the wave-particle duality, by space reduction of the introduced space-like amplitude function u(r,t), which completes the usual time-like function ψ(r,t).
The Einstein's program forms a consistent system for universe description, beside the standard model of particles. It is founded upon a scalar field propagating at speed of light c, which constitutes a common relativist framework for classical and quantum properties of matter and interactions. Matter corresponds to standing waves. Classical domain corresponds to geometrical optics approximation, when frequencies are infinitely high, and then hidden. Quantum domain corresponds to wave optics approximation. Adiabatic variations of frequencies lead to electromagnetic interaction constituted by progressive waves. It leads to theoretical economy for Quantum Theory, with unification of first and second quantifications for interactions and matter, to the wave-particle duality by reduction of the introduced amplitude space-like function ( ), , t r u which completes the usual time-like function ( ), , t r ψ with hidden variables.
In Hawking’s view physics has been broken up into many partial theories, while the ultimate goal of physicists is to unify them. The two basic theories of 20th-century physics, relativity theory and quantum theory, are based on completely different logical prerequisites and exactly separate: matter is described as particles in relativity theory and as waves in quantum mechanics. Here, based on the identical logical prerequisites, we unify Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and de Broglie’s matter-wave theory (MWT) into the theory of dualistic relativity (DR), taking a significant step toward the unification of relativity and quantum mechanics. From the definition of time, we derive the Lorentz transformation in differential form and establish the theory of DR, which generalizes the wave-particle duality of matter motion, and uniformly derives Einstein’s formula E=mc2, Planck’s equation E=hf, and de Broglie’s relation λ=h/p. From the logical prerequisite completely different from Einstein’s hypothesis of the invariance of light speed and along the logical path completely different from Einstein’s SR, we have deduced the whole theoretical system of Einstein’s SR and de Broglie’s MWT. In the theory of DR, the two great formulae originally separated, Einstein’s formula E=mc2 and Planck’s equation E=hf, become a pair of twin formulae unified in an identical theoretical system.
A new, very different physical model of the universe is proposed. Its virtues include unifying relativity and quantum mechanics, and particles with de Broglie waves. It also appears to provide a truly unified physical basis for electromagnetic, gravitational and nuclear forces. The basic system is a four-dimensional Euclidean space, containing an array of nonlinear "flow" waves. These repeat in one dimension, called [phi]. As in Newtonian mechanics, time is treated as an additional, unidirectional parameter describing the evolution of the system. Nevertheless, this wave system is shown be inherently relativistic. Further self-organizing patterns arise within the overall wave structure. Called "wavicles," these have intrinsic quantized fields, "spin," and rest energy, and represent elementary particles. Relativistic expressions are derived for particle behavior in scalar, vector and gravitational potentials. Proper representations of these potentials, based on the wave fields and associated [phi] flows of wavicles, are also obtained. As in the causal quantum mechanics of de Broglie and Bohm, wavicles exist continuously and follow definite, stochastic trajectories. Although experimentally equivalent to Einstein's special relativity, this theory differs fundamentally from his general relativity and the associated Big Bang model. According to Linde, the latter predict a large-scale space-time curvature roughly 60 orders of magnitude greater than observed values. Here a flat large-scale geometry is predicted, in agreement with the observed distribution of galaxies. This theory is also consistent with recent observations pertaining to the age of the universe.
This paper provides an examination of the de Broglie relation, tracing its historical development from the quantum hypotheses proposed by Planck and Einstein to its covariant relativistic derivation. The discussion begins by situating de Broglie's seminal insight within the early framework of quantum theory. We then reconstruct his original heuristic derivation. The primary focus of this work, however, is the derivation of the de Broglie relation directly from the principles of special relativity, employing the four-momentum formalism. A comparative analysis between the heuristic and relativistic approaches underscores the universality and conceptual coherence of the latter. The paper concludes by highlighting the significance of relativistic mechanics in establishing a consistent foundation for wave-particle duality, further reinforcing this through a quantum field theoretical perspective.
This paper presents a novel theory of wave mechanics derived from a re-examination of the foundations of relativity. By expanding the traditional linear transformation ansatz to include a vector-valued temporal component, we demonstrate that Einstein's postulates, coupled with the principle of single-valued time, are sufficient to predict wave-like, quantizable behavior in particle motion. This approach naturally leads to a Clifford algebra framework and reveals the necessity of a dynamic, higher-dimensional temporal space. We derive Lorentz transformations and demonstrate the origin of the spacetime metric's signature. Furthermore, we obtain relations analogous to De Broglie's and show compatibility with Planck's distribution law. Notably, our theory provides a unified framework for spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles and offers a complete, normalized solution for a particle at rest, resolving a long-standing challenge in quantum mechanics. The inherent coupling of the Einstein Field Equations with the derived wave equation suggests potential implications for cosmology, including alternative explanations for dark matter and MOND. This work establishes a foundation for a new, consistent, and intuitive understanding of the quantum world, with experimentally testable predictions that distinguish it from conventional quantum mechanics.