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International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS)

Chosen-Ciphertext Secure Multi-Authority Fuzzy Identity-Based Key Encapsulation without ROM

Liming Fang, Jiandong Wang, Yongjun Ren, Jinyue Xia, Shizhu Bian

Published Dec 1, 2008• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the first and efficient multi-authority fuzzy identity-based key encapsulation mechanism (Fuzzy-IB-KEM) scheme which is chosen ciphertext secure (CCA) without random oracle in the selective-ID model. Our main idea is to enhance Chase's "large universe" construction, chosen-plaintext secure (CPA) Fuzzy-IBE, by adding some redundant information to the ciphertext to make it CCA-secure.

DOI
10.1109/cis.2008.32

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Chosen-Ciphertext Secure Fuzzy Identity-Based Key Encapsulation without ROM.

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We present the first and efficient multi-authority fuzzy identity-based key encapsulation mechanism (Fuzzy-IB-KEM) scheme which is chosen ciphertext secure (CCA) without random oracle in the selective-ID model. Our main idea is to enhance Chase's "large universe" construction, chosen-plaintext secure (CPA) Fuzzy-IBE, by adding some redundant information to the ciphertext to make it CCA-secure.
Abstract. We use hybrid encryption with Fuzzy Identity-Based Encryption (Fuzzy-IBE) schemes, and present the first and efficient fuzzy identity-based key encapsulation mechanism (Fuzzy-IB-KEM) schemes which are chosen-ciphertext secure (CCA) without random oracle in the selective-ID model. To achieve these goals, we consider Fuzzy-IBE schemes as consisting of separate key and data encapsulation mechanisms (KEM-DEM), and then give the definition of Fuzzy-IB-KEM. Our main idea is to enhance Sahai and Waters ' "large universe " construction, chosen-plaintext secure (CPA) Fuzzy-IBE, by adding some redundant information to the ciphertext to make it CCA-secure.
Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) is a foundational cryptography primitive, which can provide secure symmetric cryptographic key material for transmission by using public key algorithms. Until now, many Chosen-Ciphertext (IND-CCA) secure KEM schemes are constructed from Chosen-Plaintext (IND-CPA) or One-Way (OW-CPA) secure PKE via the generic Fujisaki-Okamoto (FO) transformations (TCC 2017). However, the security relies on the Random Oracle Model (ROM). To the best of our knowledge, there are no IND-CCA secure KEM schemes based on Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) assumption that can against post quantum attacks in the standard model. In this work, we propose the first direct construction of LPN-based KEM, which is secure in the standard model. In particular, we use double-trapdoor technique to answer adversary’s decryption queries correctly and a Target Collision Resistant (TCR) hash function to check the validity of the ciphertext. The encapsulated key is determined by a special LPN problem (with no random oracle required). The scheme is IND-CCA secure against post-quantum attacks under the low-noise LPN assumptions by a series of games and the security reduction is tight. Compared with previous schemes on 128-bit security level, our CCA-secure scheme only holds 50.78MB public keys, 62.50MB secret keys and 4.54KB ciphertexts, which is more efficient than the schemes of Döttlinget al.(ASIACRYPT 2012), Kiltzet al.(PKC 2014) and Yuet al.(CRYPTO 2016) ((7.27GB, 7.24GB, 7.03KB), (80.89MB, 46.23MB, 6.80KB) and (70.95MB, 70.65MB, 86.50KB) respectively).
In this paper, we present a novel multi-receiver identity-based key encapsulation mechanism (mID-KEM) scheme which is provably secure against chosen ciphertext attacks in the standard model and has several advantages over previous constructions without random oracles, including short public parameters, short private keys, computational efficiency in decapsulation algorithm and tight security reduction. To our best knowledge, our construction is the first in the literature to achieve such a high security level (CCA-security in the full security model).
We propose a generic construction that yields efficient identity-based encryption (IBE) schemes secure against chosen ciphertext attack (CCA) in the standard model. Our construction extends Kiltz et al.'s (Eurocrypt '09) method of constructing CCA-secure public-key encryption schemes via randomness extraction to the identity-based setting. The main idea of our construction is to transform ‘|ϵ1\epsilon _1ϵ1​|-almost |$\kappa ∣−entropic’andvalid/invalidciphertextindistinguishable(VI−IND)identity−basedhashproofsystemtotheonethatsatisfiesthestronger‘∣|-entropic’ and valid/invalid ciphertext indistinguishable (VI-IND) identity-based hash proof system to the one that satisfies the stronger ‘|∣−entropic’andvalid/invalidciphertextindistinguishable(VI−IND)identity−basedhashproofsystemtotheonethatsatisfiesthestronger‘∣\epsilon _2$|-universal’ and VI-IND property. This transformation is realized by a randomness extractor based on the 4-wise hash function. We demonstrate that our generic construction can produce CCA-secure IBE schemes whose efficiency is comparable with the most efficient but non-generic CCA-secure IBE schemes without random oracles in the literature.