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Frontiers of Physics

Cavity optomechanics with cold atomic gas

Keye Zhang, Lu Zhou, Guangjiong Dong, Weiping Zhang

Published Jan 14, 2011• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a tutorial review on the topics related to current development in cavity optomechanics, with special emphasis on cavity optomechanical effects with ultracold gases, Bose-Einstein condensates, and spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Topics including the quantum model and nonlinearity of the cavity optomechanics, the principles of optomechanical cooling, radiation-pressure-induced nonlinear states, the chaotic dynamics in a condensate-mirror-hybrid optomechanical setup, and the spin-mixing dynamics controlled by optical cavities are covered.

DOI
10.1007/s11467-011-0164-5

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We present a tutorial review on the topics related to current development in cavity optomechanics, with special emphasis on cavity optomechanical effects with ultracold gases, Bose-Einstein condensates, and spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Topics including the quantum model and nonlinearity of the cavity optomechanics, the principles of optomechanical cooling, radiation-pressure-induced nonlinear states, the chaotic dynamics in a condensate-mirror-hybrid optomechanical setup, and the spin-mixing dynamics controlled by optical cavities are covered.
Cavity-optomechanics, an exploitation of mechanical-effects of light to couple optical-field with mechanical-objects, has made remarkable progress. Besides, spin-orbit (SO)-coupling, interaction between spin of a quantum-particle and its momentum, has provided foundation to analyze various phenomena like spin-Hall effect and topological-insulators. However, SO-coupling and corresponding topological-features have not been examined in optical-cavity with one vibrational-mirror. Here we report cavity-optomechanics with SO-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate, inducing non-Abelian gauge-field in cavity. We ascertain the influences of SO-coupling and long-range atomic-interactions on low-temperature dynamics which can be experimentally measured by maneuvering area underneath density-noise spectrum. It is detected that not only optomechanical-coupling is modifying topological properties of atomic dressed-states but SO-coupling induced topological-effects are also enabling us to control effective-temperature of mechanical-mirror and dynamic structure factor, which is measurable by detecting neutron-scattering. Our findings are testable in a realistic setup and provide foundations to manipulate SO-coupling in the field of quantum optics and quantum computation.
This dissertation contains a study of ultracold atoms in optical cavities. We particularly focus on two aspects of the coupled atom-cavity systems. In the first aspect, we implement the quantum nature of the light field to probe the quantum state of the atoms. This is interesting due to the nondestructive nature of the characterization of many-body atomic states. In the second aspect we study the cavity optomechanics that investigates the coupling of mechanical and optical degrees of freedom via radiation pressure. The optomechanical cavity provides an interesting nonlinear system to study the coupling between atoms and the intracavity field.In the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics we study the reflection of two counter-propagating modes of the light field in a high-Q ring cavity by ultracold atoms either in the Mott insulator state or in the superfluid state of an optical lattice. We find that the dynamics of the reflected light strongly depends on both the lattice spacing and the state of the matter-wave field. By using the Monte Carlo wave-function method to account for the cavity damping we also determine the two-time correlation function and the time-dependent physical spectrum of theretroreflected field. We find that the light field and the atoms become entangled if the latter are in a superfluid state. We also analyze quantitatively the entanglement between the atoms and the light.In cavity optomechanics the mechanical effect can either comes from a vibrating macroscopic oscillator or a collective density excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate. First we use a Fabry-Perot-type cavity to study the opto-mechanically-induced bistable quantum phase transitions between superfluid and a Mott insulator states of an ultracold bosonic gases trapped inside the cavity. Secondly, we study the symmetricand antisymmetric collective density side modes of the BEC which results from the optomechanical effects of the light fields in a ring cavity.
Abstract We review the physics of hybrid optomechanical systems consisting of a mechanical oscillator interacting with both a radiation mode and an additional matterlike system. We concentrate on the cases embodied by either a single or a multi-atom system (a Bose-Einstein condensate, in particular) and discuss a wide range of physical effects, from passive mechanical cooling to the set-up of multipartite entanglement, from optomechanical nonlocality to the achievement of non-classical states of a single mechanical mode. The reviewed material showcases the viability of hybridised cavity optomechanical systems as basic building blocks for quantum communication networks and quantum state-engineering devices, possibly empowered by the use of quantum and optimal control techniques. The results that we discuss are instrumental to the promotion of hybrid optomechanical devices as promising experimental platforms for the study of nonclassicality at the genuine mesoscopic level.
Cavity optomechanics represents a frontier research direction in quantum science and technology, centered on the control and exploration of interactions between electromagnetic fields and mechanical motion. Rooted in quantum mechanics, this field realizes efficient coupling and precise manipulation of optical fields and mechanical vibrations through the structural design and precise regulation of optical microcavities and mechanical oscillators, thereby revealing and harnessing novel quantum phenomena. In recent years, cavity optomechanics has evolved into an interdisciplinary frontier integrating quantum optics, condensed matter physics, and quantum precision measurement, exhibiting profound application in both fundamental physics research and quantum information science. With advancements in technologies such as nanomanufacturing and laser cooling, optomechanical interactions have been successfully demonstrated in various experimental systems. Among these platforms, cavity cold-atom systems stand out as one of the ideal platforms for implementing quantum optomechanics. Featuring exceptional environmental isolation, long quantum coherence times, and strong light-matter interaction, these systems provide a crucial testbed for exploring strong and even ultrastrong optomechanical coupling effects as well as rich nonlinear quantum phenomena. This paper reviews the recent progress in optomechanical control and manipulation based on cavity cold-atom systems. We first outline the fundamental principles of standard cavity optomechanical systems. Then, we describe the experimental realization of linear and nonlinear optomechanical couplings in cold-atom systems. After that, we focus on the representative applications of this platform in high-precision quantum sensing, quantum memory, and the preparation of macroscopic nonclassical states. Finally, we give an outlook and challenges in this field.
We give a brief overview of the basic aspects of the optomechanical interaction between a light field and a mechanical mode of ultracold bosonic and fermionic atomic gases inside a Fabry–Pérot cavity, showing that these systems provide a ‘bottom up’ approach to cavity optomechanics. In contrast to the case of a Bose condensate, where the effective ‘moving mirror’ is a side mode whose occupation results simply from photon recoil, for fermionic atoms this ‘mirror’ is a collective density oscillation associated with particle–hole excitations. We also discuss the experimental consequences of the optomechanical coupling in optical bistability.
We investigate the effect of optomechanical coupling on the squeezed-spin states for a Bose-Einstein Condensate embedded within the lossless optomechanical cavity for the three special cases of initial states of cavity field, namely, a coherent state, a squeezed vacuum state and a squeezed state. We show that the radiation pressure or pondermotive force acting on the cavity end mirror plays a significant role in producing the atomic-squeezed states by producing squeezed states of the cavity field which is then transferred to the condensate. We further show that the maximum spin-squeezing along the x-direction is obtained in the presence of optomechanical coupling for the initial cavity field prepared in the amplitude squeezed state, whereas, squeezing along the y-direction reaches a maximum value in the absence of optomechanical coupling for the initial coherent cavity field. We also study the additional effect of nonlinear atomic interaction on spin-squeezing.