Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

New Journal of Physics

Storage of up-converted telecom photons in a doped crystal

Nicolas Maring, Kutlu Kutluer, Joachim Cohen, Matteo Cristiani, Margherita Mazzera, Patrick M. Ledingham, Hugues de Riedmatten

Published Nov 11, 2014• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on an experiment that demonstrates the frequency up-conversion of telecommunication wavelength single-photon-level pulses to be resonant with a : crystal. We convert the telecom photons at to using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate nonlinear waveguide. The maximum device efficiency (which includes all optical loss) is inferred to be (internal efficiency ) with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 1 for single-photon-level pulses with durations of up to 560 ns. The converted light is then stored in the crystal using the atomic frequency comb scheme with storage and retrieval efficiencies exceeding for predetermined storage times of up to . The retrieved light is time delayed from the noisy conversion process allowing us to measure a signal to noise ratio exceeding 100 with telecom single-photon-level inputs. These results represent the first demonstration of single-photon-level optical storage interfaced with frequency up-conversion.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/16/11/113021

Related papers

Storage of telecom photons in a doped crystal interfaced via frequency up-conversion

Nicolas Maring, Kutlu Kutluer, Joachim Cohen +4 more

We report on an experiment demonstrating storage of single-photonlevel light pulses at telecommunication wavelength by frequency up-converting them to the visible range to be resonant with a solid-state optical memory based on a Pr:Y2SiO5 crystal. We convert the telecom photons at 1570 nm to 606 nm using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate nonlinear waveguide. The maximum device efficiency is inferred to be η dev = 22±1% with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 1 for single-photon-level pulses with durations of up to 560 ns. The converted light is then stored in the crystal using the atomic frequency comb scheme with storage and retrieval efficiencies exceeding ηAFC = 20% for predetermined storage times of up to 5μs. The retrieved light is time delayed from the noisy conversion process allowing us to measure a signal to noise ratio exceeding 100 with telecom single-photon-level inputs. These results represent the first demonstration of single-photon-level optical storage interfaced with frequency up-conversion. PACS numbers: 03.67.Hk,42.50.Gy,42.50.Md,42.65.Wi

•Jul 11, 2014•0 citations

Storage of up-converted telecom photons in a doped crystal

Nicolas Maring, Kutlu Kutluer, Joachim Cohen +4 more

We report on an experiment that demonstrates the frequency up-conversion of telecommunication wavelength single-photon-level pulses to be resonant with a $\mathrm{Pr}^{3+}$:$\mathrm{Y}_2\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{O}_5$ crystal. We convert the telecom photons at $1570\,\mathrm{nm}$ to $606\,\mathrm{nm}$ using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate nonlinear waveguide. The maximum device efficiency (which includes all optical loss) is inferred to be $η_{\mathrm{dev}}^{\mathrm{max}} = 22 \pm 1\,%$ (internal efficiency $η_{\mathrm{int}} = 75\pm8\,%$) with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 1 for single-photon-level pulses with durations of up to 560$\,$ns. The converted light is then stored in the crystal using the atomic frequency comb scheme with storage and retrieval efficiencies exceeding $η_{\mathrm{AFC}} = 20\,%$ for predetermined storage times of up to $5\,μ\mathrm{s}$. The retrieved light is time delayed from the noisy conversion process allowing us to measure a signal to noise ratio exceeding 100 with telecom single-photon-level inputs. These results represent the first demonstration of single-photon-level optical storage interfaced with frequency up-conversion.

arXiv:1407.3094•Jul 11, 2014•0 citations

Quantum frequency conversion of quantum memory compatible photons to telecommunication wavelengths

Xavier Fernandez-Gonzalvo, Giacomo Corrielli, Boris Albrecht +3 more

We report an experiment demonstrating quantum frequency conversion of weak light pulses compatible with atomic quantum memories to telecommunication wavelengths. We use a PPLN nonlinear waveguide to convert weak coherent states at the single photon level with a duration of 30 ns from a wavelength of 780 nm to 1552 nm. We measure a maximal waveguide internal (external) conversion efficiency η(int) = 0.41 (η(ext) = 0.25), and we show that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is good enough to reduce the input photon number below 1. In addition, we show that the noise generated by the pump beam in the crystal is proportional to the spectral bandwidth of the device, suggesting that narrower filtering could significantly increase the SNR. Finally, we demonstrate that the quantum frequency converter can operate in the quantum regime by converting a time-bin qubit and measuring the qubit fidelity after conversion.

arXiv:1308.0912•Optics Express•Aug 12, 2013•52 citations

Quantum frequency conversion of single photons from 606 NM to telecom wavelengths for heterogeneous quantum networks

Batllori Berenguer, Josep Maria

In this work we experimentally and theoretically characterize the converted signal and the noise level of a quantum frequency conversion (QFC) device implemented for frequency down conversion from the visible to telecommunication wavelengths. This frequency converter is a useful device able to interface quantum memories operating at different wavelengths. We observe that the main noise source is directly induced by the pump via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), enhanced by imperfections in the periodic poling structure of the waveguide. We also measure conversion with high signal to noise ratio for microsecond long weak coherent states at the single photon level. Finally, we show theoretically that the converted Stokes/Anti-Stokes non-classical correlations of photon pairs emitted by quantum memories could be largely preserved for pulse durations lower than 4µs.

•Nov 19, 2020•0 citations

Quantum Memory Based on a Eu:YSO Crystal: the Storage and Retrieval of Single-Photon States Generated via Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion

Ахмеджанов Ринат Абдулхаевич, Л. А. Гущин, I. V. Zelensky +8 more

The storage of single photons generated via nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a cavity with a PPKTP crystal in quantum memory based on an atomic frequency comb in a Eu:YSO crystal is demonstrated. A technique for preparing spectral profiles within the absorption line of a doped crystal that are matched to the spectrum of single-photon radiation is developed. For storage times of 250 and 166 ns, quantum memory efficiencies of 3 and 7% have been obtained with signal-to-noise ratios of 1/4 and 1/2, respectively.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters•Nov 1, 2025•0 citations

Low-noise quantum frequency conversion in a monolithic cavity with bulk periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate

Felix Mann, Helen M. Chrzanowski, Felipe Lucas Gewers +2 more

Interfacing the different building blocks of a future large-scale quantum network will require efficient and noiseless frequency conversion of quantum light. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are a leading candidate to form the nodes of such a network. However, the performance of a suitable converter remains a bottleneck, with existing demonstrations severely limited by parasitic noise arising at the target telecommunication wavelength. Here we demonstrate a platform for efficient low-noise quantum frequency conversion based on a monolithic bulk periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate cavity and show its suitability for the conversion of 637-nm single photons from nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to telecommunication wavelengths. By resonantly enhancing the power of an off-the-shelf pump laser, we achieve an internal conversion efficiency of $(72.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\mathrm{%}$ while generating noise of only $(110\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}/\mathrm{nm}$ at the target wavelength without the need for any active stabilization. This constitutes a fivefold reduction in noise over existing state-of-the-art single-step converters at these wavelengths. We verify the almost-ideal preservation of nonclassical correlations by converting photons from a spontaneous-parametric-down-conversion source and moreover show the preservation of time-energy entanglement via Franson interferometry.

arXiv:2304.13459•Physical Review Applied•Nov 3, 2023•28 citations
We report on an experiment that demonstrates the frequency up-conversion of telecommunication wavelength single-photon-level pulses to be resonant with a : crystal. We convert the telecom photons at to using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate nonlinear waveguide. The maximum device efficiency (which includes all optical loss) is inferred to be (internal efficiency ) with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 1 for single-photon-level pulses with durations of up to 560 ns. The converted light is then stored in the crystal using the atomic frequency comb scheme with storage and retrieval efficiencies exceeding for predetermined storage times of up to . The retrieved light is time delayed from the noisy conversion process allowing us to measure a signal to noise ratio exceeding 100 with telecom single-photon-level inputs. These results represent the first demonstration of single-photon-level optical storage interfaced with frequency up-conversion.
We report on an experiment demonstrating storage of single-photonlevel light pulses at telecommunication wavelength by frequency up-converting them to the visible range to be resonant with a solid-state optical memory based on a Pr:Y2SiO5 crystal. We convert the telecom photons at 1570 nm to 606 nm using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate nonlinear waveguide. The maximum device efficiency is inferred to be η dev = 22±1% with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 1 for single-photon-level pulses with durations of up to 560 ns. The converted light is then stored in the crystal using the atomic frequency comb scheme with storage and retrieval efficiencies exceeding ηAFC = 20% for predetermined storage times of up to 5μs. The retrieved light is time delayed from the noisy conversion process allowing us to measure a signal to noise ratio exceeding 100 with telecom single-photon-level inputs. These results represent the first demonstration of single-photon-level optical storage interfaced with frequency up-conversion. PACS numbers: 03.67.Hk,42.50.Gy,42.50.Md,42.65.Wi
We report on an experiment that demonstrates the frequency up-conversion of telecommunication wavelength single-photon-level pulses to be resonant with a Pr3+\mathrm{Pr}^{3+}Pr3+:Y2SiO5\mathrm{Y}_2\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{O}_5Y2​SiO5​ crystal. We convert the telecom photons at 1570 nm1570\,\mathrm{nm}1570nm to 606 nm606\,\mathrm{nm}606nm using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate nonlinear waveguide. The maximum device efficiency (which includes all optical loss) is inferred to be ηdevmax=22±1 η_{\mathrm{dev}}^{\mathrm{max}} = 22 \pm 1\,%ηdevmax​=22±1 (internal efficiency ηint=75±8 η_{\mathrm{int}} = 75\pm8\,%ηint​=75±8) with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 1 for single-photon-level pulses with durations of up to 560 \,ns. The converted light is then stored in the crystal using the atomic frequency comb scheme with storage and retrieval efficiencies exceeding ηAFC=20 η_{\mathrm{AFC}} = 20\,%ηAFC​=20 for predetermined storage times of up to 5 μs5\,μ\mathrm{s}5μs. The retrieved light is time delayed from the noisy conversion process allowing us to measure a signal to noise ratio exceeding 100 with telecom single-photon-level inputs. These results represent the first demonstration of single-photon-level optical storage interfaced with frequency up-conversion.
We report an experiment demonstrating quantum frequency conversion of weak light pulses compatible with atomic quantum memories to telecommunication wavelengths. We use a PPLN nonlinear waveguide to convert weak coherent states at the single photon level with a duration of 30 ns from a wavelength of 780 nm to 1552 nm. We measure a maximal waveguide internal (external) conversion efficiency η(int) = 0.41 (η(ext) = 0.25), and we show that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is good enough to reduce the input photon number below 1. In addition, we show that the noise generated by the pump beam in the crystal is proportional to the spectral bandwidth of the device, suggesting that narrower filtering could significantly increase the SNR. Finally, we demonstrate that the quantum frequency converter can operate in the quantum regime by converting a time-bin qubit and measuring the qubit fidelity after conversion.
In this work we experimentally and theoretically characterize the converted signal and the noise level of a quantum frequency conversion (QFC) device implemented for frequency down conversion from the visible to telecommunication wavelengths. This frequency converter is a useful device able to interface quantum memories operating at different wavelengths. We observe that the main noise source is directly induced by the pump via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), enhanced by imperfections in the periodic poling structure of the waveguide. We also measure conversion with high signal to noise ratio for microsecond long weak coherent states at the single photon level. Finally, we show theoretically that the converted Stokes/Anti-Stokes non-classical correlations of photon pairs emitted by quantum memories could be largely preserved for pulse durations lower than 4µs.
The storage of single photons generated via nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a cavity with a PPKTP crystal in quantum memory based on an atomic frequency comb in a Eu:YSO crystal is demonstrated. A technique for preparing spectral profiles within the absorption line of a doped crystal that are matched to the spectrum of single-photon radiation is developed. For storage times of 250 and 166 ns, quantum memory efficiencies of 3 and 7% have been obtained with signal-to-noise ratios of 1/4 and 1/2, respectively.
Interfacing the different building blocks of a future large-scale quantum network will require efficient and noiseless frequency conversion of quantum light. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are a leading candidate to form the nodes of such a network. However, the performance of a suitable converter remains a bottleneck, with existing demonstrations severely limited by parasitic noise arising at the target telecommunication wavelength. Here we demonstrate a platform for efficient low-noise quantum frequency conversion based on a monolithic bulk periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate cavity and show its suitability for the conversion of 637-nm single photons from nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to telecommunication wavelengths. By resonantly enhancing the power of an off-the-shelf pump laser, we achieve an internal conversion efficiency of $(72.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\mathrm{%}$ while generating noise of only $(110\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}/\mathrm{nm}$ at the target wavelength without the need for any active stabilization. This constitutes a fivefold reduction in noise over existing state-of-the-art single-step converters at these wavelengths. We verify the almost-ideal preservation of nonclassical correlations by converting photons from a spontaneous-parametric-down-conversion source and moreover show the preservation of time-energy entanglement via Franson interferometry.