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Tokyo QKD Network and the evolution to Secure Photonic Network

Masahide Sasaki, M. Fujiwra, Hirokazu Ishizuka, Werner Klaus, Kentaro Wakui, Masahiro Takeoka, Akihiro Tanaka, K. Yoshino, Y. Nambu, Satoshi Takahashi, A. Tajima, Akihisa Tomita, T. Domeki, Tetsuya Hasegawa, Y. Sakai, Hiroshi Kobayashi, T. Asai, 克宏 清水, Toshiyuki Tokura, Toyohiro Tsurumaru, M. Matsui, Toshimori Honjo, Kiyoshi Tamaki, Hiroki Takesue, 康弘 都倉, J. F. Dynes, A. R. Dixon, A. W. Sharpe, Zhiliang L. Yuan, Andrew J. Shields, Shuichi Uchikoga, Matthieu Legré, Samuel Robyr, Patrick Trinkler, Laurent Monat, Jean-Benoît Page, G. Ribordy, Andreas Poppe, A. Allacher, Oliver Maurhart, T. Länger, Momtchil Peev, Anton Zeilinger

Published Jan 1, 2011• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel secure communication network with quantum key distribution in a metropolitan area is reported. Different QKD schemes are integrated to demonstrate secure TV conferencing over a distance 45km, stable long-term operation, and application to secure mobile phones.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2011.jtuc1

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A secure communication network with quantum key distribution in a metropolitan area is reported. Six different QKD systems are integrated into a mesh-type network. GHz-clocked QKD links enable us to demonstrate the world-first secure TV conferencing over a distance of 45km. The network includes a commercial QKD product for long-term stable operation, and application interface to secure mobile phones. Detection of an eavesdropper, rerouting into a secure path, and key relay via trusted nodes are demonstrated in this network.
Secure communication and information protection become more and more important in the modern society. Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote legitimate users to share unconditionally secure keys. Different from the former ones, the security of these keys is based on the principles of quantum physics and could be proved. Combined with one-time pad encryption, QKD can provide us an effective way for secure communication and information protection[1, 2]. Since Bennett and Brassard proposed the famous BB84 protocol[3], QKD or quantum cryptography has become one of the most dynamic research fields. After about twenty years of development, experimental QKD has achieved significant improvements, such as the transmission distance increased from 32 cm[4]to 260 km[5], the speed increased from 200 Hz[4]to 10 GHz[6].
The increasing reliance on optical communication networks for high-speed data transmission has amplified concerns regarding secure information exchange in the era of quantum computing. Classical cryptographic protocols such as RSA and ECC, though widely deployed, are vulnerable to attacks from large-scale quantum computers executing Shor’s algorithm. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has emerged as a revolutionary cryptographic paradigm that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable theoretically unbreakable key exchange. This paper investigates the integration of QKD into optical communication networks, focusing on protocol design, implementation challenges, and potential scalability. Through scenario-based evaluation, the study highlights the trade-offs between quantum security and practical deployment constraints such as channel loss, photon detector efficiency, and key generation rates. Results from simulated models demonstrate that while QKD can achieve provable security in metropolitan-area networks, long-distance transmission requires advanced techniques such as quantum repeaters and trusted nodes. This work concludes that QKD offers a promising pathway toward quantum-safe communication but necessitates