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Quantum Electronics

Phase-sensitive electric modulation of photoluminescence upon bichromatic excitation of atoms

Valery Alexandrovich Astapenko

Published Dec 31, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new type of modulation of the photoluminescence intensity of atoms excited by a bichromatic laser radiation with the frequency ratio 1:2 is proposed and analysed. The modulation is produced by alternating electric field acting on atoms and occurs due to the quantum interference of the amplitudes of two excitation channels of an atom, which proves to be possible because the applied electric field removes the parity selection rule for one of the excitation channels. An important feature of this process is the dependence of photoluminescence on the phase difference of monochromatic components of exciting radiation. The calculation was performed for an alkali metal atom excited at the s — s transition taking the saturation effect into account.

DOI
10.1070/qe2005v035n12abeh013043

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A new type of modulation of the photoluminescence intensity of atoms excited by a bichromatic laser radiation with the frequency ratio 1:2 is proposed and analysed. The modulation is produced by alternating electric field acting on atoms and occurs due to the quantum interference of the amplitudes of two excitation channels of an atom, which proves to be possible because the applied electric field removes the parity selection rule for one of the excitation channels. An important feature of this process is the dependence of photoluminescence on the phase difference of monochromatic components of exciting radiation. The calculation was performed for an alkali metal atom excited at the s — s transition taking the saturation effect into account.
A new method for coherent phase control of excitation of atoms in a discrete spectrum under the action of bichromatic laser radiation with the frequency ratio 1 : 2 is analysed. An important feature of this control method is the presence of a electrostatic field, which removes the parity selection rule for one of the control channels. It is shown that for the phase difference between the monochromatic radiation components, corresponding to the destructive interference between channels, there exists the electrostatic field strength at which the excited atomic transition is `bleached'. It is proposed to use luminescence at the adjacent atomic transition for detecting the phase dependence of optical excitation.
The paper is devoted to the theoretical investigation of the phase control of atomic photo-excitation in discrete energy spectrum under the action of bichromatic laser field with the frequency ratio 1:2 in the presence of stationary electric field. The calculations are made for the case of alkali atoms. It is shown that the phase modulation of the photo-excitation strongly depends upon the electric field strength and the ratio between the intensities of the monochromatic components of the radiation. The optimal range of parameters for the effect observation is determined.
We have investigated the interaction between bichromatic optical fields and atomic transitions. We have considered both the interaction of a saturating bichromatic field in the form of a 100% amplitude-modulated field resonantly interacting with a single atomic transition as well as the interaction of a pair of 100% amplitude-modulated fields with two coupled atomic transitions. In our studies of a single atomic transition resonantly excited by a 100% amplitude-modulated field we have used a fully quantum-electrodynamical analysis to model the Autler-Townes effect induced by a bichromatic optical field. We find that the effect induced by a bichromatic field is markedly different from the effect produced by a monochromatic exciting field. We have derived analytic expressions for the bichromatic Autler-Townes absorption spectrum. The absorption spectrum consists of equally spaced lines spaced by the modulation frequency. The linewidths of neighboring lines alternate as functions of the field strength. Experimentally, we observed this spectrum for both resonant and detuned 100% amplitude-modulated driving fields by monitoring the absorption of a weak monochromatic field as it was tuned about the resonance frequency of the 3²P₃/₂(F = 3, mF = 3) ↔ 4²D₅/₂(F = 4, mF = 4) transition while driving the 3²S₁/₂(F = 2, mF = 2) ↔ 3²P₃/₂(F = 3, mF = 3) transition with a saturating 100% amplitude-modulated field. We found excellent agreement between our predicted and measured spectra. We then investigated the resonant interaction between a pair of 100% amplitude-modulated fields and two atomic transitions sharing a common atomic level. We considered both a three-level atomic cascade system and a three-level atomic lambda system. We examined the effect that the relative phase between the two modulations has on the rate at which the modulated fields are absorbed. We find that the saturated time-averaged field absorption exhibits parametric resonances in both the cascade and lambda systems. The time-averaged absorption is strongly dependent upon the relative phase of modulation between the two fields and for certain phase differences the time-averaged absorption can be enhanced over the maximum saturated absorption experienced by cw fields of the same time-averaged intensities. We also find that the stationary atomic response exhibits periodic oscillations and for the cascade system periodic two-photon inversions of up to 40% can be achieved. We further find dark absorption resonances as a function of phase in the lambda system. We analyze the results from the point of view of semi-classical adiabatic dressed states.
A review of experimental and theoretical studies on radiative processes induced by a bichromatic (two-frequency) laser radiation in atoms, molecules, and solids is presented. The optical excitation of matter is considered at transitions of different types: bound—bound, bound—free, and free—free. A special attention is devoted to the possibility of the coherent control of the basic characteristics of radiative phenomena by varying the relative phase of monochromatic components of radiation. It is shown that this method opens up new possibilities for controlling photoinduced processes.
Phase sensitive coherent control on atomic Rydberg states and in the presence of a static electric field is theoretically studied using Harmin's frame transformation theory. It is shown that under the presence of the static field, the total excitation rate of an atomic target by a bichromatic laser field (consisting of a fundamental radiation frequency and of its second harmonic) depends on all the elements of the density-of-states matrix dictating the Stark effect. Some of these off-diagonal matrix elements are inaccessible by any other photoexcitation scheme and affect non-trivially the optimum achievable rate modulation contrast. This fact leads to important qualitative and quantitative differences with respect to static-field-free coherent control. The obtained formal expressions for the phase-controlled excitation rate are applied to the lithium target atom. It is demonstrated that the electric field strength can be used as an additional, externally adjustable, control and manipulation parameter. Finally, it is shown that above the saddle point energy, where quasi-discrete and continuum states coexist, the lineshapes of individual Fano-like resonances can be quite efficiently modified by applying this scheme.
We report our results on measurement of the total fluorescent power radiated by two-level atoms excited by a 100% amplitude modulated or bichromatic laser field. For the case of single-frequency excitation, it is well known that the total fluorescent power monotonically saturates as the intensity of the field is increased. This occurs because the inversion of the atoms approaches zero at high field strengths. In contrast, when the field is bichromatic the total fluorescent power displays resonant peaks as the strength of the driving field is increased. This occurs because there is enhanced absorption when the modulation frequency coincides with the Rabi freqeuncy or one of its subharmonics.