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Brazilian Journal of Physics

Functional approach without path integrals to finite temperature free fermions

S. M. de Souza, O. Rojas Santos, M. T. Thomaz

Published Sep 1, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Charret et al. applied the properties of Grassmann generators to develop a new method to calculate the coefficientes of the high temperature expansion of the grand canonical partition function of self-interacting fermionic models on d-dimensions (d > or = 1). The method explores the anti-commuting nature of fermionic fields and avoids the calculation of the fermionic path integral. We apply this new method to the relativistic free Dirac fermions and recover the known results in the literature without the beta-independent and mu-independent infinities that plague the continuum path integral formulation.

DOI
10.1590/s0103-97331999000300023

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Charret et al. applied the properties of Grassmann generators to develop a new method to calculate the coefficientes of the high temperature expansion of the grand canonical partition function of self-interacting fermionic models on d-dimensions (d > or = 1). The method explores the anti-commuting nature of fermionic fields and avoids the calculation of the fermionic path integral. We apply this new method to the relativistic free Dirac fermions and recover the known results in the literature without the beta-independent and mu-independent infinities that plague the continuum path integral formulation.
We exploit the grassmannian nature of the variables involved in the path integral expression of the grand canonical partition function for self--interacting fermionic models to show, in one-space dimension, a general relation among the terms of it expansion in the high temperature limit and a combination of co-factors of a suitable matrix with commuting entries. As an application, we apply this framework to calculate the exact coefficients, up to order β^3, of the expansion of the grand canonical partition function for the Hubbard model in d=(1+1) in the high temperature limit. The results are valid for any set of parameters that characterize the model.
The calculation of the density matrix for fermions and bosons in the grand canonical ensemble allows an efficient way for the inclusion of fermionic and bosonic statistics at all temperatures. It is shown that in a path- integral formulation the one-particle density matrix can be expressed via an integration over a novel representation of the universal temperature-dependent functional. In this paper we discuss a representation for the universal functional in terms of Hankel functions which is convenient for computational applications. Temperature scaling for the universal functional and its derivatives is also introduced thus allowing an efficient rescaling rather then recalculation of the functional at different temperatures. We expect that our method will give rise to a numerically efficient path-integral approach for calculation of a density matrix in the grand canonical ensemble.
Abstract The functional integral representation of the density matrix at thermal equilibrium in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (QM) with many degrees of freedom, in the grand canonical formulation is introduced. In QM, Hamiltonians H(p,q) can be also expressed in terms of creation and annihilation operators, a method adapted to the study of perturbed harmonic oscillators. In the holomorphic formalism, quantum operators act by multiplication and differentiation on a vector space of analytic functions. Alternatively, they can also be represented by kernels, functions of complex variables that correspond in the classical limit to a complex parametrization of phase space. The formalism is adapted to the description of many-body boson systems. To this formalism corresponds a path integral representation of the density matrix at thermal equilibrium, where paths belong to complex spaces, instead of the more usual position–momentum phase space. A parallel formalism can be set up to describe systems with many fermion degrees of freedom, with Grassmann variables replacing complex variables. Both formalisms can be generalized to quantum gases of Bose and Fermi particles in the grand canonical formulation. Field integral representations of the corresponding quantum partition functions are derived.