Single particle interference experiments have documented the existence of trajectory of particles ’ during the accumula-tion of an interference pattern. The expression for probability of particle’s arrivals to the screen was derived previously [22] by approximating the trajectories with straight lines, which start at various points of the slits, and using wave function of the transverse motion in the momentum representation. We use this expression to determine particle distribution at various distances along the lines parallel to a multiple slit grating. The agreement with usual probability density given by the mod-ulus square of the wave function in coordinate representation is very good in the far field. In the near field the agreement is poor. This result supports the view that the trajectories of the particles do exist and that they are straight lines in the far fields, but further study on the form of the trajectories of particles ’ in the near field is necessary. 164 Concepts of Physics, Vol. II (2005) On the (non)existence of quantum particles’...
Single particle interference experiments have documented the existence of trajectory of particles ’ during the accumula-tion of an interference pattern. The expression for probability of particle’s arrivals to the screen was derived previously [22] by approximating the trajectories with straight lines, which start at various points of the slits, and using wave function of the transverse motion in the momentum representation. We use this expression to determine particle distribution at various distances along the lines parallel to a multiple slit grating. The agreement with usual probability density given by the mod-ulus square of the wave function in coordinate representation is very good in the far field. In the near field the agreement is poor. This result supports the view that the trajectories of the particles do exist and that they are straight lines in the far fields, but further study on the form of the trajectories of particles ’ in the near field is necessary. 164 Concepts of Physics, Vol. II (2005) On the (non)existence of quantum particles’...
Path integrals give a possibility to compute in details routes of particles from particle sources through slit gratings and further to detectors. The path integral for a particle passing through the Gaussian slit results in the Gaussian wavepacket. The wavepackets prepared on N slits and superposed together give rise to interference pattern in the near-field zone. It transforms to diffraction in the far-field zone represented by divergent principal rays, at that all rays are partitioned from each other by (N-2) subsidiary rays. The Bohmian trajectories in the near-field zone of N-slit gratings show wavy behavior. And they become straight in the far-field zone. The trajectories show zigzag behavior on the interference Talbot carpet (ratio of particle wavelength to a distance between slits are much smaller than 1 and N>>1). Interference from the the N-slit gratings is simulated by scattering monochromatic neutrons (wavelength=0.5 nm). Also we have considered simulation of interference fringes arising at scattering on an N-slit grating of fullerene molecules (according to the real experiment stated in e-print 1001.0468).
Abstract Young’s double slit experiment and Poisson/Arago spot experiment revived the wave theory of the light. The standard interpretation is that the light behaves as waves. Feynman called the double slit experiment the only mystery in quantum mechanics. Recently, the photon chamber has been proposed and utilized to study the behavior of photons near the detecting screen. The experiments show that the light, near the screen, behaves as photons propagating along the straight-line trajectories, and the trajectories distribute as waves. Furthermore, the photon chamber experiments show that, within certain macroscopic distance from the double slit, the pattern is non-interference, which indicates that the standard double slit experiments violate the standard wave interpretations. In this article, we show, the first time, that, within certain macroscopic distance from the ring, the pattern is non-interference, and how the non-interference pattern (near the ring) evolving to the interference pattern (far from the ring). The experiments show: (1) the nature of the patterns is distance-dependent; (2) to certain macroscopic distance from the ring, the light beams behave as particle; (3) when the distance increases, the non-interference pattern evolves to the interference pattern, i.e., the non-wave nature and the wave distribution coexist in the same wave experiment. The experiments: (1) provide novel phenomena/data for further theoretical development of the optics and for understanding the nature of the light.
Quantum theory of interference phenomena does not take the diameter of the particle into account, since particles were much smaller than the width of the slits in early observations. In recent experiments with large molecules, the diameter of the particle has approached the width of the slits. Therefore, analytical description of these cases should include a finite particle size. The generic quantum interference setup is an asymmetric double slit interferometer. We evaluate the wave function of the particle transverse motion using two forms of the solution of Schrodinger's equation in an asymmetric interferometer: the Fresnel-Kirchhoff form and the form derived from the transverse wave function in the momentum representation. The transverse momentum distribution is independent of the distance from the slits, while the space distribution strongly depends on this distance. Based on the transverse momentum distribution we determined the space distribution of particles behind the slits. We will present two cases: a) when the diameter of the particle may be neglected with respect to the width of both slits, and b) when the diameter of the particle is larger than the width of the smaller slit.
Abstract Young’s double slit experiment revived the wave theory of the light. The standard interpretation is that the light behaves as waves before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit. Feynman called the double slit experiment the only mystery in quantum mechanics. Recently, the photon chamber has been proposed and utilized to study the behavior of photons near the detecting screen. The experiments show that the light, near the screen, behaves as photons propagating along the straight-line trajectories, and the trajectories distribute as waves. In this article, we utilize two new methods to study experimentally the patterns near the diaphragm of the double slit/cross double slit. The experiments show that, the first time, within certain macroscopic distance from the diaphragm, (1) the pattern is non-interference and thus, the light behaves as photons and produces the “particle pattern” near the double slit; and (2) both the shape and nature of the patterns are distance-dependent; when the distance increases, the non-interference pattern gradually evolves to the interference pattern. The experiments: (1) provide novel phenomena/data for further theoretical development of the optics and for understanding the nature of the light; and (2) show the Feynman’s mystery with different aspect.
Quantum theory of interference phenomena does not take the diameter of the particle into account, since particles were much smaller than the width of the slits before the rise of molecular interferometry. In the experiments with large molecules, the diameter of the particle has approached the width of the slits. Therefore, an analytical description of these cases should include a finite particle size. An asymmetric double-slit grating seems to be very suitable for the study of the influence of a particle's size on the interference pattern. We identify three characteristic cases for the ratio of slit widths ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}$ and the particle diameter D: $D⪡{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{1}$ and $D⪡{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}$, ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{1}>D>{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}$, and $D>{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{1}>{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}$. Taking into account the influence of both slits on the particle wave function, regardless of through which slit the particle passed, we treat the particle-wall interaction in a simple fashion, such that if the particle size is greater than the slit opening there is no transmission. The transverse momentum distribution is independent of the distance from the slits and the particle size, while the space distribution strongly depends on this distance and the particle size. We found that the interference is absent only when the particle's diameter is larger than both slit widths, $D>{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{1}>{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}$.