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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Observation of the entanglement sudden death

Marcelo Pereira de Almeida, Fernando de Melo, Malena O. Hor-Meyll, Alejo Salles, Stephen Patrick Walborn, P. H. Souto Ribeiro, L. Davidovich

Published May 4, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate, using an all-optical setup, the difference between local and global dynamics of entangled quantum systems coupled to independent environments. Even when the decay of each system is asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly disappear. We also demonstrate experimentally that measurements performed in the environment affects the local evolution.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2008.4553022

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We demonstrate, using an all-optical setup, the difference between local and global dynamics of entangled quantum systems coupled to independent environments. Even when the decay of each system is asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly disappear. We also demonstrate experimentally that measurements performed in the environment affects the local evolution.
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The interaction between entangled multi-particle systems with the environment leads to both local dynamics, associated with single-particle dissipation, diffusion, and decay, and to global dynamics, which may provoke the disappearance of entanglement at a finite time [1-6]. This phenomenon may occur even when single-particle decoherence is asymptotic in time, and constitutes yet another distinct trait of entanglement. It has been recently demonstrated, for two qubits under the action of independent environments, using an all-optical setup [7]. In this talk, some of the peculiarities of the dynamics of two-qubit entangled states undergoing decoherence will be reviewed, new features of the experiment realized at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro [7] will be described, and the extension of these considerations to multi-particle entangled states will be discussed. Scaling laws for the decay of entanglement and its finite-time extinction in multi-particle systems will be discussed.
We report on an experimental investigation of the dynamics of entanglement between a single qubit and its environment, as well as for pairs of qubits interacting independently with individual environments, using photons obtained from parametric down-conversion. The qubits are encoded in the polarizations of single photons, while the interaction with the environment is implemented by coupling the polarization of each photon with its momentum. A convenient Sagnac interferometer allows for the implementation of several decoherence channels and for the continuous monitoring of the environment. For an initially entangled photon pair, one observes the vanishing of entanglement before coherence disappears. For a single qubit interacting with an environment, the dynamics of the complementarity relations connecting single-qubit properties and its entanglement with the environment is experimentally determined. The evolution of a single qubit under continuous monitoring of the environment is investigated, demonstrating that a qubit may decay even when the environment is found in the unexcited state. This implies that entanglement can be increased by local continuous monitoring, which is equivalent to entanglement distillation. We also present a detailed analysis of the transfer of entanglement from the two-qubit system to the two corresponding environments, between which entanglement may suddenly appear, and show instances for which no entanglement is created between dephasing environments, nor between either of them and the corresponding qubit: the initial two-qubit entanglement gets transformed into legitimate multiqubit entanglement of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger type.