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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Precision measurement of the 5s-5p-5d two-photon, two-color, polarization spectrum in atomic Rb

S. B. Bayram, Mark D. Havey, M. Roşu, A. Sieradzan

Published May 12, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Summary form only given. A number of sophisticated techniques have been applied to precise measurements of the strength of resonance transitions in heavier alkali atoms. These include refined lifetime measurements in atomic beams, photoassociative spectroscopy of cold atoms confined to atomic traps, and direct measurements of the natural width of an atomic transition. We have made a precise study of the 5s-5p-5d transition in atomic Rb. Measurements of the non-resonant two-photon, two-color linear depolarization spectrum show remarkable polarization-dependent interference structure. Using this novel approach, it was possible to extract the ratio of the transition matrix elements for the two contributing pathways.

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Nonlinear optical approach to matrix-element spectroscopy of the 5s2S1/2→ 5p2Pj→ 5d2Dj′transitions in87Rb

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We present in this paper results of a nonlinear optical spectroscopy approach to measurement of excited-state transition matrix elements. Recent advances in the quality of excited-state transition matrix elements have permitted renormalization of earlier measurements of transition amplitudes associated with the 5s 2 S 1/2 → 5p 2 P j → 5d 2 D 3/2 two-photon transitions in atomic 87 Rb. Previous measurements were made to high precision, but further improvement of the accuracy was limited by uncertainties in data describing the influence of energetically distant transitions. Availability of more reliable matrix elements, including relativistic all-order calculations of transition matrix elements in alkali atoms, has since significantly improved the situation. In the present paper, we show that theoretical relative transition amplitudes for the excited state 5p 2 P j → 5d 2 D 3/2 doublet (ratio = 1.098(9)) are now in excellent agreement with experiment (ratio = 1.090(6)). This result, combined with our recent work on caesium, shows that it is possible to determine relative line strengths, for transitions connecting atomic excited states, with precision previously found only in state-of-the-art measurements of alkali resonance doublets. Detailed discussion of the experimental technique and supporting data, including polarization measurements on the 5s 2 S 1/2 → 5p 2 P j → 5d 2 D 5/2 transitions, is also presented.

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Precision measurement of the 5st2 S1/2 → 5pt2 Pj → 8st2 S1/2 two-photon, two-color polarization spectrum in atomic Rb

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We demonstrate photoionization spectroscopy in cold rubidium atoms trapped in a working magneto-optical trap. Three-photon ionization with two-photon resonance proceeds along various channels, with the step-by-step 5S-5P-5D transition and with the two-photon excitation of the 5D or 7S state. The processes are monitored by measuring ion signals which allow sensitive spectroscopy of weak transitions in a cold-atom sample.

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Collisional modification of the atomic-Na 3s 2 S1/2 –5s 2 S1/2 two-color two-photon polarization spectrum

LeRoy F. Cook, D. A. Olsgaard, Mark D. Havey +1 more

An experimental investigation of the atomic-Na 3s $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2--}$5s $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ two-color two-photon polarization spectrum has been made. Measurements of the linear polarization degree of the two-photon transition were made for one laser tuned within a \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ range of the atomic-Na 3p $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}$ levels, with the second adjusted to satisfy the two-photon resonance condition. The relatively short-pulse (\ensuremath{\sim}0.5 ns) lasers used eliminate effects on the spectrum due to atomic-Na hyperfine interactions and radiation trapping, while greatly reducing depolarization due to collisions with Ar gas. In the absence of collisions, the measured polarization spectrum is in excellent agreement with calculations. Measurements of the Ar pressure dependence of the spectrum revealed strong depolarization in the vicinity of resonant excitation through the 3p $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ level. A collisional depolarization cross section of 200(30) \AA{} for this process was deduced from the data.

Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1993•16 citations
Summary form only given. A number of sophisticated techniques have been applied to precise measurements of the strength of resonance transitions in heavier alkali atoms. These include refined lifetime measurements in atomic beams, photoassociative spectroscopy of cold atoms confined to atomic traps, and direct measurements of the natural width of an atomic transition. We have made a precise study of the 5s-5p-5d transition in atomic Rb. Measurements of the non-resonant two-photon, two-color linear depolarization spectrum show remarkable polarization-dependent interference structure. Using this novel approach, it was possible to extract the ratio of the transition matrix elements for the two contributing pathways.
We present in this paper results of a nonlinear optical spectroscopy approach to measurement of excited-state transition matrix elements. Recent advances in the quality of excited-state transition matrix elements have permitted renormalization of earlier measurements of transition amplitudes associated with the 5s 2 S 1/2 → 5p 2 P j → 5d 2 D 3/2 two-photon transitions in atomic 87 Rb. Previous measurements were made to high precision, but further improvement of the accuracy was limited by uncertainties in data describing the influence of energetically distant transitions. Availability of more reliable matrix elements, including relativistic all-order calculations of transition matrix elements in alkali atoms, has since significantly improved the situation. In the present paper, we show that theoretical relative transition amplitudes for the excited state 5p 2 P j → 5d 2 D 3/2 doublet (ratio = 1.098(9)) are now in excellent agreement with experiment (ratio = 1.090(6)). This result, combined with our recent work on caesium, shows that it is possible to determine relative line strengths, for transitions connecting atomic excited states, with precision previously found only in state-of-the-art measurements of alkali resonance doublets. Detailed discussion of the experimental technique and supporting data, including polarization measurements on the 5s 2 S 1/2 → 5p 2 P j → 5d 2 D 5/2 transitions, is also presented.
Precision measurements on the 5s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Pj{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}Pj​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​ two-photon, two-color polarization spectrum in atomic Rb are reported. As a result of interference between the transition amplitudes for the process, the spectrum is strongly frequency and linear polarization dependent in the vicinity of the 5s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P1/2{\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}P1/2​ and 5s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P3/2{\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}P3/2​ resonance transitions, with the linear polarization degree varying from nearly +100% to -100% over the approximate 500-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ range of the data. For absorption of two collinearly polarized photons, complete destructive interference for the process occurs at a critical detuning from the 5s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P3/2{\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}P3/2​ resonance transition given by ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{c}}$=-155.83(3) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The location of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ is determined primarily by the relative transition matrix elements through the 5p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Pj{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}Pj​ multiplet, but also depends significantly on contributions from more energetic np2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P levels. The null in the excitation occurring at the critical frequency allows experimental determination of a type of sum rule that depends only on the atomic matrix elements and the value of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{c}}$. Such sum rules are defined and presented for the present experiment in Rb and for a recent similar experiment in Na.
Precise measurements are reported on the linear polarization spectrum associated with two-photon, two-color spectroscopy of the 3 s2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}s2 S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}5 s2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}s2 S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​ transition in atomic Na. Measurements are made in an approximately 40-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ range in the vicinity of the 3 p2{\mathrm{p}}^{2}p2 Pj{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}Pj​ (j=1/2,3/2) levels, which serve as the principal intermediate levels for the two-photon transitions. Because of interference between the transition amplitudes through each fine-structure multiplet component, the polarization varies from nearly 100% to -100% within this spectral range. Modeling the data to include the effects of more energetic p levels and allowing for a j-dependent ratio of transition amplitudes R results in an excellent fit to the data. Estimation of the contribution of higher p levels allows extraction of a value and sign for R=+1.0012(12). This result is combined with recent measurements of the lifetime of the resonance transitions in Na to obtain a value for the ratio of excited-state transition-matrix elements for the 3 p2{\mathrm{p}}^{2}p2 Pj{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}Pj​ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}5 s2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}s2 S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​ transition (j=3/2 compared to j=1/2) of 1.0013(15).
An experimental investigation of the atomic-Na 3s 2^{2}2${\mathit{S}}_{1/2--}$5s 2^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ two-color two-photon polarization spectrum has been made. Measurements of the linear polarization degree of the two-photon transition were made for one laser tuned within a \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ range of the atomic-Na 3p 2^{2}2Pj{\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}Pj​ levels, with the second adjusted to satisfy the two-photon resonance condition. The relatively short-pulse (\ensuremath{\sim}0.5 ns) lasers used eliminate effects on the spectrum due to atomic-Na hyperfine interactions and radiation trapping, while greatly reducing depolarization due to collisions with Ar gas. In the absence of collisions, the measured polarization spectrum is in excellent agreement with calculations. Measurements of the Ar pressure dependence of the spectrum revealed strong depolarization in the vicinity of resonant excitation through the 3p 2^{2}2P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ level. A collisional depolarization cross section of 200(30) \AA{} for this process was deduced from the data.