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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Quantum-nondemolition measurement using spectral correlations between fiber-optical pulses

Friedrich König, T. Rechtenwald, M. Zielonka, Ricardo Steidl, Gerd Leuchs, Andreas Sizmann

Published May 12, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Summary form only given. The collision of optical pulses in a fiber is a promising concept for quantum-nondemolition (QND) measurements of the photon-number using the Kerr effect induced cross-phase modulation (XPM). Spectral filtering of solitons produced strong photon-number noise reduction below shot noise in direct detection. We present a novel QND experiment based on the XPM-induced frequency shift of colliding pulses and on direct detection using spectral filtering.

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Summary form only given. The collision of optical pulses in a fiber is a promising concept for quantum-nondemolition (QND) measurements of the photon-number using the Kerr effect induced cross-phase modulation (XPM). Spectral filtering of solitons produced strong photon-number noise reduction below shot noise in direct detection. We present a novel QND experiment based on the XPM-induced frequency shift of colliding pulses and on direct detection using spectral filtering.
Summary form only given. The optical Kerr effect of fibers produced unique nonclassical correlations through intensity-dependent phase shifts in a variety of quadrature-amplitude squeezing and quantum-nondemolition (QND) experiments. Later, a new squeezing mechanism was observed with spectral filtering of fiber-optical pulses. Our novel QND approach applies spectral filtering to two interacting pulses in order to obtain a QND readout that is immune to phase noise. In a pulse collision the spectral separation between the center frequencies of the pulses is transiently enhanced, with the spectral shift of one (meter) pulse depending on the photon number of the other (signal) pulse. Thus photon-number fluctuations of one pulse are transferred to frequency fluctuations of the other pulse which are directly detectable after a spectral filter. The maximum frequency shift occurs in the center of the collision, where the pulses are well separated in frequency space, even if there is a spectral overlap before the collision.
Summary form only given. Quantum-nondemolition (QND) measurements are those that do not disturb the quantum distribution of the variable being measured. It has been experimentally demonstrated that QND measurement of the photon number an be achieved by use of wavelength-multiplexed soliton collisions. A quantum analysis of the experiment has also been developed. It was found that the phase spreading of the probe as a result of self-phase modulation can contribute significant noises. In this paper we propose a new and better QND scheme using cross-polarized soliton collisions in a fiber loop interferometer. The scheme requires only a single wavelength laser source and can be fully fiber-integrated, and, most importantly, the noise caused by self-phase modulation is automatically suppressed by detection of the squeezed quadrature of the probe soliton.
The multimode quantum fluctuations of colliding solitons are investigated. Strong mutual quantum correlations appear in their intensity spectrum as the solitons approach each other in the collision. The leaving solitons erase the interpulse correlations. These transient correlations are induced by cross phase modulation, whereas the intrapulse correlations are due to self phase modulation. As a possible application a direct detection quantum-nondemolition (QND) measurement of the photon number is proposed. It shows a performance better than a collision induced phase-shift QND measurement.
The collision of solitons in optical fibers is a promising scheme for the quantum-nondemolition measurement of the photon number using the cross Kerr effect. In a realistic experimental situation, the sensitivity of the measurement is limited not only by self-phase-modulation noise of the probe but also by the phase noise added due to the vibrational excitations of the fiber. Former schemes proposed to overcome either of these problems are not compatible with each other. In this paper the sensitivity of different type of detection is carefully studied. We propose a solution based on the use of a phase-shifting cavity. We show that this provides a conceptually and practically simple solution eliminating simultaneously both sources of excess noise.
The collision of two optical solitons, one a probe and the other a signal, writes out the energy of the signal soliton as a phase shift of the probe soliton. Consequently, a readout of the probe phase shift gives the photon number of the signal soliton. If the collision takes place in a low-loss optical fiber with the usual Kerr nonlinearity, the photon number of the signal soliton is preserved, and the measurement can be a quantum nondemolitional (QND) measurement. We describe experimental progress towards soliton collision QND measurements. We have collided two solitons at 1.460 nm (probe) and 1.463 nm (signal) and with the help of a delayed reference soliton (identical to the probe) in a homodyne detector system, we have measured the resulting probe soliton phase shifts. Toward a QND measurement, we correlate the shot noise fluctuations of the signal soliton with the corresponding phase noise fluctuations written on the probe. We present our current results.
Summary form only given.Spectral filtering of optical solitons has been demonstrated to squeeze their photon-number uncertainty up to a measured value of 3.8 dB. The squeezing has been explained in terms of an uneven spectral distribution of photon-number noise caused by the Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber. Some indication for correlations among different frequency components has been found in a numerical analysis. We present the first experimental evidence for such spectral correlations. The experimental setup is shown. Pulses of 130 fs centered at 1.5 /spl mu/m are launched into a 2.9-m polarization-presenting single-mode optical fiber with energies close to the fundamental soliton energy.