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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian photon statistics in a twin-core doped optical fiber

W. Zhang, P. L. Chu

Published Jan 1, 1994• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a quantum statistical theory of light propagation in a twin-core doped optical fiber. The optical nonlinearity induced by the atomic dopants in the fiber dramatically modifies the quantum fluctuations in the paraxial photon modes. We find that with appropriate arrangement of the device, the input light field with the usual Poissonian photon statistics can be transformed into sub- or super-Poissonian photon statistics. For the sub-Poissonian photon statistics, the quantum noise in the photon numbers in the paraxial modes is reduced below the level of the noise in the usual laser field.>

DOI
10.1109/3.362726

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Journal of Lightwave Technology•Jun 1, 1995•2 citations
In this paper, we develop a quantum statistical theory of light propagation in a twin-core doped optical fiber. The optical nonlinearity induced by the atomic dopants in the fiber dramatically modifies the quantum fluctuations in the paraxial photon modes. We find that with appropriate arrangement of the device, the input light field with the usual Poissonian photon statistics can be transformed into sub- or super-Poissonian photon statistics. For the sub-Poissonian photon statistics, the quantum noise in the photon numbers in the paraxial modes is reduced below the level of the noise in the usual laser field.>
Using an extension of the Scully—Lamb laser theory we show that by insertion of nonlinear elements in the cavity, laser light with nonclassical sub—Poissonian photon statistics can be generated. For an N—photon absorber in the limit of small saturation the variance of the photon number distribution can be reduced by a factor of (+1/N) compared to Poissonian limit of the usual laser. When we generalize the type of such nonlinear elements to the case of a nonlinear feedback or Raman type nonlinear transition, the noise in the laser intensity can be reduced even further and approach the ideal limit, characterized by a Mandel Q parameter of Q = —1. Furthermore we show how this noise reduction via nonlinearities can be combined with a regular pump mechanism, which recently has been sugessted as a way to generate sub—Poissonian light. It turns out that in certain configurations the effect of both methods can be combined. Finally we show how this nonclassical behaviour is also reflected in a reduction of the output intensity power spectra below the shot noise level.
The author uses an extension of the Scully-Lamb laser theory to show that, by the help of nonlinear absorbers in the cavity, laser light with nonclassical sub-Poissonian photon statistics can be generated. For an N-photon absorber the variance of the photon number distribution can be reduced by a factor of ( 1 / 2 +1/N) compared to the usual laser. Using a modified version of such nonlinear absorbers, like a nonlinear feedback or a Raman-type nonlinear transition, the noise can be reduced even further and approach the ideal limit, characterised by a Mandel Q parameter of Q approximately=-1. Furthermore he investigates how this noise reduction via nonlinearities can be combined with a regular pump mechanism and show that in certain configurations the effect of both methods of generating sub-Poissonian light can be combined.
The author reviews methods for generating sub-Poissonian light and related concepts. This light has energy fluctuations reduced below the level which corresponds to a classical Poissonian process (shot-noise level). After an introduction to the concept of nonclassical light, an overview is given of the main methods of quantum-noise reduction. Sub-Poissonian processes are exemplified in different areas of optics, ranging from single-atom resonance fluorescence to nonlinear optics, laser physics, and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Emphasis is placed on the conceptual foundations, and on developments in laser theory that lead to the possibility, already demonstrated experimentally, of linewidth narrowing and sub-Poissonian light generation in lasers and masers. The sources of quantum noise in these devices are analyzed, and four noise-suppression methods are discussed in detail: regularization of the pumping, suppression of spontaneous-emission noise, nonadiabatic evolution of the atomic variables, and twin-beam generation.
The quantum statistical properties of a single mode of the radiation field, prepared in the coherent state, interacting with a nonlinear medium of inversion symmetry are studied with the help of the usual two photon correlation function for zero time delay. We report the photon antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics in addition to the usual photon bunching and the super-Poissonian photon statistics for an input vacuum field. The manipulation of the phase of input coherent light gives rise to the well known self induced transparency. The possible physical explanations for these events are presented.
It is shown that the Λ quantum beat system, into which a new atomic coherence is introduced, can produce bright two-mode sub-Poissonian light. The Mandel Q parameter is calculated using Scully-Lamb theory. On one hand, when quantum noises of the relative amplitude and relative phase drop to vaccum noise levels, the average mode exhibits sub-Poissonian photon distribution; when quantum noises of the average amplitude and average phase drop to vaccum noise levels, the relative mode exhibits sub-Poissonian photon statistics; the optimum Mandel Q parameter is -0.5. On the other hand, in the above two cases, each of the correlated spontaneous emission laser modes exhibits sub-Poissonian photon statistics with optimum Mandel Q parameter of -0.25.
We studied the quantum-statistical properties of pulse amplification in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (OFAs), including saturation of the atomic population inversion and pump depletion. We use a fully quantum theory to describe the atom-field interaction as wed as the light propagation. The generating function of the output photon number distribution (PND) is determined as a function of time during the course of the pulse, with an arbitrary input PND assumed. For input light with Poisson PND, the output PND is shown to be the Laguerre distribution with parameter 1 at all times smaller than the coherence time /spl tau//sub c/, even in the presence of nonlinear effects. An expression for the photon count moment generating function is found for counting times T/spl Gt//spl tau//sub c/. The mean pulse shape is shown to be altered by the nonlinear amplification. The variance is similarly altered, and the excess amplifier noise is greater at the leading side of the pulse.>