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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Locked phase conjugation for two-beam coupling of pulse repetition rate solid-state lasers

N. F. Andreev, Efim A Khazanov, С. В. Кузнецов, Guerman A. Pasmanik, E. I. Shklovsky, V. S. Sidorin

Published Jan 1, 1991• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental results obtained in the study of phase-locked conjugation of two light beams using a phase synchronizer demonstrate how phase conjugation of depolarized radiation can be used to compensate aberration and depolarization distortions in solid-state media. Two-beam phase conjugation via mutual scattering of orthogonally polarized pump waves under four-wave mixing is discussed. A novel analog operation-orthogonal phase conjugation (OPC)-involving an electromagnetic field was realized with a phase synchronizer.>

DOI
10.1109/3.73551

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Optical phase conjugation is a process that leads to the correction of wavefront distortions under conditions such that a beam of light passes twice in opposite directions through an aberrating optical medium. Analogously, the state of polarization of an optical beam can become aberrated, (for example, by passing through a stressed optical component), and these polarization aberrations can be removed by the process of polarization conjugation. In polarization conjugation, the polarization unit vector of the incident wave is replaced by its complex conjugate in the generated wave.

•Jul 18, 1988•0 citations

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Phase distortion correction of an optical wave propagating in laser media is a crucial problem to be taken into account in most of laser systems. For this purpose, phase conjugation through stimulated Brillouin scattering using the master oscillator-power amplification configuration has shown a very good potential to obtain high beam quality in solid-state lasers that operate at variable repetition rates. Another attractive alternative to generate the phase-conjugate wavefronts is to use a four-wave mixing (DFWM) process in the laser amplifier. In this medium, the interference between the interacting beams leads to a spatial modulation of the complex susceptibility of the medium by gain saturation (amplitude gain grating). This all-solid-state solution presents the advantage of suppressing the external nonlinear medium and would realize the required functions in the laser medium itself. Moreover, due to the amplification experienced by all the interacting beams, associated to the resonant nonlinearity of the gain saturation, high reflectivities already have been achieved in Nd:YAG amplifiers using a multipass geometry.1,2

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Polarization properties of phase conjugation utilizing atomic two-photon resonances

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It is often desirable that a phase conjugate mirror be able to correct for polarization distortions in addition to correcting for wavefront aberrations. Such a device is called a vector phase conjugate mirror. It has been predicted within the context of the third-order theory that vector phase conjugation can be achieved by degenerate four-wave mixing using atomic two-photon transitions between S-states.1 We recently developed a theory of the polarization properties of two-photon resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing which can treat saturation effects due to pump waves.2 Our results show that for the case of linear and parallel pump wave polarizations, vector phase conjugation occurs with high quality and high reflectivity for two-photon transitions for which the nonresonant Stark shift is very small. We have also found that for the case of circular and counterrotating pump wave polarizations, perfect vector phase conjugation occurs for equal pump wave intensities. We have studied experimentally the effects of saturation and Stark shifts for S → S two-photon transitions of atomic sodium. We have found that high fidelity vector phase conjugation can be obtained.

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It is well known that inverted laser crystals have a strong inertial optical nonlinearity that is connected with changing of susceptibility by saturation of laser transition. The phase conjugation (PC) of laser beams by parametric oscillation in resonator with holographic mirror induced by means of mutually-coherent pumping waves in an inverted laser crystal was discussed.1,2 In our work, the phase conjugation of laser beams in loop scheme with an inverted Nd:YAG-rod (where two near-counter-running light beams with orthogonal polarization intersected) was investigated.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jan 1, 1994•0 citations
Theoretical and experimental results obtained in the study of phase-locked conjugation of two light beams using a phase synchronizer demonstrate how phase conjugation of depolarized radiation can be used to compensate aberration and depolarization distortions in solid-state media. Two-beam phase conjugation via mutual scattering of orthogonally polarized pump waves under four-wave mixing is discussed. A novel analog operation-orthogonal phase conjugation (OPC)-involving an electromagnetic field was realized with a phase synchronizer.>
Optical phase conjugation is a process that leads to the correction of wavefront distortions under conditions such that a beam of light passes twice in opposite directions through an aberrating optical medium. Analogously, the state of polarization of an optical beam can become aberrated, (for example, by passing through a stressed optical component), and these polarization aberrations can be removed by the process of polarization conjugation. In polarization conjugation, the polarization unit vector of the incident wave is replaced by its complex conjugate in the generated wave.
Phase distortion correction of an optical wave propagating in laser media is a crucial problem to be taken into account in most of laser systems. For this purpose, phase conjugation through stimulated Brillouin scattering using the master oscillator-power amplification configuration has shown a very good potential to obtain high beam quality in solid-state lasers that operate at variable repetition rates. Another attractive alternative to generate the phase-conjugate wavefronts is to use a four-wave mixing (DFWM) process in the laser amplifier. In this medium, the interference between the interacting beams leads to a spatial modulation of the complex susceptibility of the medium by gain saturation (amplitude gain grating). This all-solid-state solution presents the advantage of suppressing the external nonlinear medium and would realize the required functions in the laser medium itself. Moreover, due to the amplification experienced by all the interacting beams, associated to the resonant nonlinearity of the gain saturation, high reflectivities already have been achieved in Nd:YAG amplifiers using a multipass geometry.1,2
Optical phase conjugation (OPC) is a nonlinear optical technique for the generation of phase conjugate waves (PCWs) and their application. For a coherent and monochromatic light wave (signal beam) with a given wavefront shape, one can generate a new light wave with a reversed wavefront shape (with respect to the propagation direction) via nonlinear optical methods. This newly generated optical wave is termed the PCW of the input signal beam. Three major nonlinear optical methods can be employed to generate various PCWs: nonlinear four- or three-wave mixing, backward stimulated scattering, and backward stimulated emission (lasing). PCWs can overcome disturbing and aberration influences from the propagation medium. Therefore, this technique is especially useful in high brightness laser oscillator/amplifier systems, laser aiming and targeting systems, and long-distance and high bit-rate optical fiber communication systems. It also provides an effective approach to achieve lasing or stimulated scattering from a randomly disturbed gain medium.
It is often desirable that a phase conjugate mirror be able to correct for polarization distortions in addition to correcting for wavefront aberrations. Such a device is called a vector phase conjugate mirror. It has been predicted within the context of the third-order theory that vector phase conjugation can be achieved by degenerate four-wave mixing using atomic two-photon transitions between S-states.1 We recently developed a theory of the polarization properties of two-photon resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing which can treat saturation effects due to pump waves.2 Our results show that for the case of linear and parallel pump wave polarizations, vector phase conjugation occurs with high quality and high reflectivity for two-photon transitions for which the nonresonant Stark shift is very small. We have also found that for the case of circular and counterrotating pump wave polarizations, perfect vector phase conjugation occurs for equal pump wave intensities. We have studied experimentally the effects of saturation and Stark shifts for S → S two-photon transitions of atomic sodium. We have found that high fidelity vector phase conjugation can be obtained.
It is well known that inverted laser crystals have a strong inertial optical nonlinearity that is connected with changing of susceptibility by saturation of laser transition. The phase conjugation (PC) of laser beams by parametric oscillation in resonator with holographic mirror induced by means of mutually-coherent pumping waves in an inverted laser crystal was discussed.1,2 In our work, the phase conjugation of laser beams in loop scheme with an inverted Nd:YAG-rod (where two near-counter-running light beams with orthogonal polarization intersected) was investigated.