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Acta Physica Sinica

COHERENCE PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

WANG CHIH-CHIANG

Published Jan 1, 1963• 1 citation

Abstract

摘要本文的主要目的在综合评述近年来在光的相干性方面研究的成就。表明光子简并度和相干度等在有关问题中起重要作用,诸如干涉、拍频、强度起伏等。由于辐射过程的随机性质,拍频信号的强度由过程的相关度决定;由于光子是玻色子,这就决定了强度起伏中有相关项。从已有实验结果看来,光的相于性完全可从量子力学的基础概念得到解释。 Abstract In this paper, recent advances in the research of coherence properties of electromagnetic radiation are discussed. Using the conception of photon degeneracy and degree of coherence the author is able to explain many problems such as light mixing, intensity fluctuations and the properties of coherent light source. Since the occurrence of radiation process is at random, the intensity of the signal generated by the mixing of different sources can be determined by the correlation of radiation processes as derived in the present paper. Regarding photons as bosons, the phenomena "intensity interferense" is explained as quantum fluctuations. The coherence properties of radiation may thus be interpreted well on the basic conception of quantum machanics. 作者及机构信息王之江 Authors and contacts WANG CHIH-CHIANG 参考文献 [1] 施引文献

DOI: 10.7498/aps.19.320

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摘要本文的主要目的在综合评述近年来在光的相干性方面研究的成就。表明光子简并度和相干度等在有关问题中起重要作用,诸如干涉、拍频、强度起伏等。由于辐射过程的随机性质,拍频信号的强度由过程的相关度决定;由于光子是玻色子,这就决定了强度起伏中有相关项。从已有实验结果看来,光的相于性完全可从量子力学的基础概念得到解释。 Abstract In this paper, recent advances in the research of coherence properties of electromagnetic radiation are discussed. Using the conception of photon degeneracy and degree of coherence the author is able to explain many problems such as light mixing, intensity fluctuations and the properties of coherent light source. Since the occurrence of radiation process is at random, the intensity of the signal generated by the mixing of different sources can be determined by the correlation of radiation processes as derived in the present paper. Regarding photons as bosons, the phenomena "intensity interferense" is explained as quantum fluctuations. The coherence properties of radiation may thus be interpreted well on the basic conception of quantum machanics. 作者及机构信息王之江 Authors and contacts WANG CHIH-CHIANG 参考文献 [1] 施引文献

Theoretical studies have been made of the quantum mechanical description of coherence in materials such as ferromagnets and superconductors and of electromagnetic radiation. In the latter studies, application has been made to effects of coherence and high power on photodetection. A practical result is that the photon echo measurement is shown to provide a sensitive detector of coherence. Experimental work has been carried out to determine the diffusion coefficients and spin depolarization cross sections of optically pumped alkali vapors in noble buffer gases. A method has been developed to measure the density of cesium vapor as a function of temperature. (Author)

Abstract : The report summarizes researches concerned with theoretical studies of coherence effects in electromagnetic fields, with special reference to the electromangetic range of the spectrum. Various properties of fluctuating fields were investigated and second and higher order coherence effects were analyzed. Relation between the classical and quantum theory of coherence was also considered. A degree of coherence of arbitrary order was introduced which has some advantages over that introduced earlier by other authors. Further, diagonal coherent state representation of quantum operators was studied. Some related investigations in statistical mechanics, and in diffraction theory of the electromagnetic field were also carried out. (Author)

During the last week of June 1960, a three-day conference on the coherence properties of electromagnetic radiation was held on the campus of the University of Rochester. Sponsored by the US Air Force, the University of Rochester, and the Optical Society of America, the purpose of the conference was to bring together optical and atomic physicists from this country and abroad to discuss problems of common interest dealing with the question of coherence throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. To a large extent motivation was supplied by a number of controversial and surprising developments in widely separated branches of physics within the last decade. Certainly much of the attention paid to questions of coherence after so many years of its having lain dormant is due in no small measure to the now famous Brown-Twiss experiment (1955) on the correlation in fluctuations of the output currents of two photoelectric detectors exposed to mutually coherent fields of light. The controversy that followed demonstrated clearly the lack of understanding of the statistical properties inherent in the emission, propagation, and detection of radiation. Whether or not one chose to explain the correlation as a natural tendency for bosons to clump or a natural interference effect among Fourier components in the finite spectral width of every natural source (or both) seemed at first to be a question of taste.

This book presents a systematic account of optical coherence theory within the framework of classical optics, as applied to such topics as radiation from sources of different states of coherence, foundations of radiometry, effects of source coherence on the spectra of radiated fields, coherence theory of laser modes, and scattering of partially coherent light by random media. The book starts with a full mathematical introduction to the subject area and each chapter concludes with a set of exercises. The authors are renowned scientists and have made substantial contributions to many of the topics treated in the book. Much of the book is based on courses given by them at universities, scientific meetings and laboratories throughout the world. This book will undoubtedly become an indispensable aid to scientists and engineers concerned with modern optics, as well as to teachers and graduate students of physics and engineering.