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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optical field measurements for accurate modeling of nonlinear parametric interactions

Anup R. Pandey, Joseph W. Haus, Peter Powers, Perry Pappas Yaney

Published Jan 13, 2009• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a phase retrieval algorithm on a set of irradiance measurements both the local amplitude and phase of a coherent field beam profile are extracted. As a concrete application, we study a high-gain optical downconversion process in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). For both the pump and signal wave beam profiles, measurements were made along the optical axis. The retrieved phase profiles were used in our nonlinear beam propagation codes to predict output amplitude and phase profile of the pump and signal fields after propagating through a PPLN crystal. The retrieval of the phase profile together with the amplitude is reported here under different conditions in a high-gain system.

DOI
10.1364/josab.26.000218

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Using a phase retrieval algorithm on a set of irradiance measurements both the local amplitude and phase of a coherent field beam profile are extracted. As a concrete application, we study a high-gain optical downconversion process in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). For both the pump and signal wave beam profiles, measurements were made along the optical axis. The retrieved phase profiles were used in our nonlinear beam propagation codes to predict output amplitude and phase profile of the pump and signal fields after propagating through a PPLN crystal. The retrieval of the phase profile together with the amplitude is reported here under different conditions in a high-gain system.
Conversion efficiency is boosted by using tandem crystal optical parametric amplifier geometry. We have undertaken comprehensive numerical modeling of the optical systems, where the output beam for the first stage are calculated and then propagated to the second stage. As a concrete example periodically poled lithium niobate crystals are experimentally examined. The phase and amplitude information about the pump and signal beams were retrieved using the Fresnel phase retrieval method and used as input in the theory. This enabled real laboratory conditions to be modeled. Subsequently, the amplitude and phase of the complex pump and signal beam from the crystal was calculated and the results were validated by experiments. Non-collinear interactions in the second stage also yielded an efficient idler output over a broad range of temperatures. ZnGeP2 crystals were used in the numerical simulations with first and second stage amplification. We predicted an idler energy increase by a more than a factor of 3.
This work reports on the generation, modulation, and detection of temporally coherent pulses in periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) configured as an optical parametric amplifier (OPA).The OPA was pumped at 1 µm, by a 10 kHz, 1 ns, Nd:YAG laser.The cw seeding sources for the OPA were two separate 1550 nm lasers.One source had a short coherence length of .3km, the other a long coherence length of 95 km.The generated pulse trains where phase modulated by using a set of mirrors on a single axis motorized stage.A 10 km fiber optic delay line was used to simulate free space propagation.A homodyne, coherent optical detection system, utilizing the in-phase and quadrature components of the circularly polarized local oscillator, was built to detect the amplitude and phase modulated pulse trains.We report the detection of the modulated signal for the long coherence length source and the loss of the modulated signal for the short coherence length source, demonstrating that the OPA process can transfer the temporal coherence (or coherence length) of the input signal to the pulse-amplified signal
We report on the observation of broadband (40 THz) bright twin beams through high-gain parametric downconversion in an aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The output photon number is shown to scale exponentially with the pump power and not with the pump amplitude, as in homogeneous crystals. Photon number correlations and the number of frequency/temporal modes are assessed by spectral covariance measurements. By using sum-frequency generation on the surface of a non-phase-matched crystal, we measure a cross-correlation peak with the temporal width of 90 fs. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America
We report on the observation of broadband (40 THz) bright twin beams through high-gain parametric downconversion in an aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The output photon number is shown to scale exponentially with the pump power and not with the pump amplitude, as in homogeneous crystals. Photon number correlations and the number of frequency/temporal modes are assessed by spectral covariance measurements. By using sum-frequency generation on the surface of a non-phase-matched crystal, we measure a cross-correlation peak with the temporal width of 90 fs.
We characterize spontaneous parametric downconversion in a domain-engineered, type-II periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal using seeded emission and single-photon techniques. Using continuous-wave (CW) pumping at 775 nm wavelength, the signal and idler are at 1532.5 nm and 1567.5 nm, respectively. The domain-engineered crystal simultaneously phasematches signal and idler pairs: [H(1532.5 nm), V(1567.5 nm)] and [V(1532.5 nm), H(1567.5 nm)]. We observe the tuning curves of these processes through difference-frequency generation and through CW fiber-assisted, single-photon spectroscopy. These measurements indicate good matching in amplitude and bandwidth of the two processes and that the crystal can in principle be used effectively to generate polarization-entangled photon pairs.
We have demonstrated, for the first time, coherent terahertz (THz)-wave phase detection using nonlinear optical interference based on backward THz-wave parametric oscillation (BW-TPO). Slant-stripe-type periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal were used as the BW-TPO gain medium to generate and detect the backward-propagating THz-wave at 0.3 THz. Phases of all pump, idler, and THz-wave were detected from the interference between the generation side idler and the detection signal. This is the first report of a comprehensive study of the phase information transfer by modulating and detecting all phases contributing to coherent THz-wave detection. This interference with suppressed phase noise achieved a THz-wave phase detection with a high visibility of 0.89. This achievement not only has sensing applications that simultaneously measure the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index as a stand-alone system but also reaches the limit of classical detection sensitivity when combined with highly sensitive THz-wave detection. Furthermore, this works paves way to the realization of ultra-sensitive THz-wave detection beyond the standard quantum limit by the non-classical states of squeezed light in our system.