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Exploring Relationships Between Random Physical Events and Mass Human Attention: Asking for Whom the Bell Tolls

Dean I. Radin

Published Jan 1, 2002• 17 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract—Exploratory study of the outputs of continuously operating truly random number generators (RNG) located around the world indicated that the largest daily change in variance in the year 2001 occurred on an unprecedented day in United States history, September 11, 2001. Calculation of correlations between all possible pairs of RNG outputs on a per-day basis showed that the largest daily average correlation also took place on September 11. Comparison of daily RNG correlations for 250 days that made headline news in 2001 according to a commercial news service vs. similar measures for 115 non-eventful days showed a larger average RNG correlation on days with major news events (p 0.011). More generally, the correlation between an objective metric of daily news vs. the daily average RNG correlation was significantly positive (p 0.001). Potential environmental artifacts were examined and found to be implausible explanations for these results. One interpretation of these findings is that mind-matter interaction effects previously observed only in focused laboratory studies may be detectable outside the laboratory, potentially at a global scale.

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Observer Effects on Quantum Randomness: Testing Micro-Psychokinetic Effects of Smokers on Addiction-Related Stimuli

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A vivid discussion revolves around the role of the human mind in the quantum measurement process. While some authors argue that conscious observation is a necessary element to achieve the transition from quantum to classical states during measurement (Wigner, 1963), some go even further and propose a more active influence of the human mind on the probabilities of quantum measurement outcomes (e.g. Atmanspacher, Römer, & Walach, 2002; Penrose & Hameroff, 2011). This proposition was tested in micro-psychokinesis (micro-Pk) research were intentional observer effects on quantum random number generators (RNGs) were investigated. In the studies presented here we extended this line of research and tested the impact unconscious goals on micro-Pk. Our focus was cigarette addiction as an unconscious drive and hypothesized that regular cigarette smokers would influence the outcome of a quantum RNG that determined whether the participant was going to see a smoking-related or a neutral picture. Study 1 revealed strong evidence for micro-Pk (BF = 66.06) supporting the H1. As expected, no deviation from chance was found with non-smokers. In Study 2, a pre-registered highly powered replication attempt, failed to reproduce this result and showed strong evidence for H0 (BF = 11.07). When the data from both studies are combined a remarkable change in effect across time (resembling a combination of appearance followed by decline) can be seen only in the smoker’s subsample. Appearance-and-decline effects were absent in the non-smokers sample and in a simulation. Based on von Lucadou’s Model of Pragmatic Information we suggest that (micro-)Pk effects follow a systematic pattern comparable to a dampened harmonic oscillation. This concept may shed new light on past and future Pk research.

Journal of Scientific Exploration•Jun 30, 2018•17 citations
Abstract—Exploratory study of the outputs of continuously operating truly random number generators (RNG) located around the world indicated that the largest daily change in variance in the year 2001 occurred on an unprecedented day in United States history, September 11, 2001. Calculation of correlations between all possible pairs of RNG outputs on a per-day basis showed that the largest daily average correlation also took place on September 11. Comparison of daily RNG correlations for 250 days that made headline news in 2001 according to a commercial news service vs. similar measures for 115 non-eventful days showed a larger average RNG correlation on days with major news events (p 0.011). More generally, the correlation between an objective metric of daily news vs. the daily average RNG correlation was significantly positive (p 0.001). Potential environmental artifacts were examined and found to be implausible explanations for these results. One interpretation of these findings is that mind-matter interaction effects previously observed only in focused laboratory studies may be detectable outside the laboratory, potentially at a global scale.
Studies involving quantum-based random event generators, REGs (or RNGs), demonstrate that human subjects can influence quantum events through mental intention. However, in a long history of effort over hundreds of studies, effect sizes have remained only slightly above background noise. As proposed here, the lack of significant progress may be due to the prevailing study methodology. REG studies generally involve many subjects recruited on a shortterm basis, with all data aggregated into a single result. In contrast, the work presented here involves a single-subject design, with the subject also functioning as experimenter, undergoing a training process and using the heuristics of the experience to introspectively examine the nature of the effect. Under this framework, it becomes apparent that the timescale on which mind–matter effects occur is much shorter and more complex than previously understood, and the influence is more extensive than has been reported. These findings argue for a significant shift in REG study efforts from the domain of anomalies research (or parapsychology) to that of targeted consciousness research, with implications for neuroscience, physics, and our basic understanding of nature.
Recent field RNG studies have reported that chi-square values of random number generator (RNG) outputs become highly significant when a large audience focuses on coherent events. Since the statistics are typically computed based on binomial distribution, RNG outputs are in a statistical state of over dispersion, lacking a framework for their interpretation. Notably, the Quantum Walk (QW) has the potential to detect such anomalies, since its distribution exhibits larger variances than binomial distribution. The current study focused on the distribution of QW and discusses several conditions. We assume that field consciousness unintentionally changes RNG output into chunks of Quanta that are mixed among the RNG output having its length. Using the concept of the quantum chunk, the proportions of test findings, which include the quantum chunk, are estimated. The current model estimates that about 1%-1.5% Qbits are mixed within a trial, based on results of previous significant field RNG experiments. Finally, several methodological tasks for the future are discussed.
Abstract : It is generally assumed that experiments involving statistical processes can always be designed in such a way that the outcome is independent of the experimenter. In order to test this basic assumption a series of experiments was performed with carefully designed apparatus whose central feature is a device utilizing a quantum process to generate random numbers modulo 4. The random number generator is connected to four lamps and four corresponding pushbuttons. Pressing any one of the four buttons triggers a quantum process and produces a random number, which is indicated by the lighting of one of the four lamps. The system is designed such that there should be no correlation between the number (1..4) of the button pressed and the number (1..4) of the lamp lighted, and furthermore, no correlation between successively generated random numbers. A large number of human subjects were asked to press the buttons manually with the objective in mind of obtaining a high number of coincidences (hits), i.e., events where the lamp next to the pressed button lights. From the results, it is tentatively concluded that there exists a weak but significant correlation between the statistical processes operative in these experiments and the experimenter who initiates the processes.
Abstract. We tested the hypothesis that discrete energies from entropic-like processes immersed within background photon densities of ~10 -11 W·m -2 were coupled to the occurrence of changes in random events that lead to specific consequences about two days later. This latency was obtained from the ratio of the summed equivalent energies associated with a Bohr electron divided by the value for the fluctuation of background photon density within the likely area of the gap junctions mediating the electron tunneling. Hourly values for 30 days for background photon densities and deviations on random number generators involved lags between 0 and 72 hours. Multiple regression equations indicated that deviations from random number variations were only correlated with photon densities approximately 48 hr (2 days) previously. Convergent quantitative values were consistent with source energies from virtual particles at the level of entropic thresholds. The delay of approximately two days between the emergent energies that influence an event and the manifestation of the event in physical time or the specious present suggest that technology could be developed to predict or modify actual events in real time.  Implications for causality and determinism are considered.
A variant of the von Neumann-Wigner Interpretation is proposed. Problems arising from the quantum Zeno effect are addressed as we have described previously. We do, however, offer some new, and perhaps unexpected observations. We are accustomed to thinking of wave function collapse as occurring consequent to laboratory measurements. We speculate that, whatever physical correlate of consciousness exists within the brain, it is quantum mechanical in the sense that a brain, left to itself, would eventually decohere into a state no longer compatible with its conscious functioning. Wave function collapse returns it to a state compatible with consciousness. Indeed, this may be its important reason for occurring. A universe without it simply could not play host to conscious brains. The fact that it also prevents us from encountering "absurd" situations in the laboratory is merely a fortunate dividend. Whenever a quantum measurement is made the universe's future history splits into a number of possibilities. This number may be very large or infinite. And we believe consciousness plays a vital role in this happening. A "conscious" universe where quantum measurements are being made allows for an enormous number of equally acceptable world-histories. An "unconscious" one, always evolving in a unitary fashion, allows for only one. If we assume that the decision as to which worldhistory is the real one (i.e. this one) is made at random we see that the universe is overwhelmingly more likely to be "conscious" than not.
A vivid discussion revolves around the role of the human mind in the quantum measurement process. While some authors argue that conscious observation is a necessary element to achieve the transition from quantum to classical states during measurement (Wigner, 1963), some go even further and propose a more active influence of the human mind on the probabilities of quantum measurement outcomes (e.g. Atmanspacher, Römer, & Walach, 2002; Penrose & Hameroff, 2011). This proposition was tested in micro-psychokinesis (micro-Pk) research were intentional observer effects on quantum random number generators (RNGs) were investigated. In the studies presented here we extended this line of research and tested the impact unconscious goals on micro-Pk. Our focus was cigarette addiction as an unconscious drive and hypothesized that regular cigarette smokers would influence the outcome of a quantum RNG that determined whether the participant was going to see a smoking-related or a neutral picture. Study 1 revealed strong evidence for micro-Pk (BF = 66.06) supporting the H1. As expected, no deviation from chance was found with non-smokers. In Study 2, a pre-registered highly powered replication attempt, failed to reproduce this result and showed strong evidence for H0 (BF = 11.07). When the data from both studies are combined a remarkable change in effect across time (resembling a combination of appearance followed by decline) can be seen only in the smoker’s subsample. Appearance-and-decline effects were absent in the non-smokers sample and in a simulation. Based on von Lucadou’s Model of Pragmatic Information we suggest that (micro-)Pk effects follow a systematic pattern comparable to a dampened harmonic oscillation. This concept may shed new light on past and future Pk research.