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IEEE/LEOS Winter Topical Meeting Series

Nonlinear and adiabatic control of light in a photonic crystal chip

Masaya Notomi, Takasumi Tanabe, Eiichi Kuramochi, Akihiko Shinya, Hideaki Taniyama

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent progress in ultrahigh-Q and ultrasmall cavities based on photonic-crystal slabs have impacts on various phenomena. We report our recent investigations of all-optical bistable switching/memory action toward all-optical logic, and novel adiabatic tuning phenomena (wavelength conversion, opto-mechanical energy conversion, and photon dynamic memory).

DOI
10.1109/leoswt.2008.4444376

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Recent progress in ultrahigh-Q and ultrasmall cavities based on photonic-crystal slabs have impacts on various phenomena. We report our recent investigations of all-optical bistable switching/memory action toward all-optical logic, and novel adiabatic tuning phenomena (wavelength conversion, opto-mechanical energy conversion, and photon dynamic memory).
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We review our recent progress on all-optical switching and bistability using ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities. We also discuss all-optical logic gate operations. Because photonic crystal nanocavities can strongly confine photons in a small area for a long time, light can efficiently interact with dipoles. As a result, optical nonlinearities occur at a very low input. Optical nonlinearities are essential as regards all-optical switching and bistability, because they dynamically change such material properties as refractive index. We demonstrate all-optical switching at an operating energy of less than 100 fJ, and bistable operation at less than ~100 μW. In addition, these devices are small and so can operate at a reasonably high speed (~100 ps).
We have demonstrated all-optical bistable switching operation of resonant-tunnelling devices with ultra-small high-Q Si photonic-crystal nanocavities. Due to their high Q/V ratio, the switching energy is extremely small in comparison with that of conventional devices using the same optical nonlinear mechanism. We also show that they exhibit all-opticaltransistor action by using two resonant modes. These ultrasmall unique nonlinear bistable devices have potentials to function as various signal processing functions in photonic-crystal-based optical-circuits.
Recently, strongly modulated photonic crystals, fabricated by the state-of-the-art semiconductor nanofabrication process, have realized various novel optical properties.This paper describes the way in which they differ from other optical media, and clarifies what they can do.In particular, three important issues are considered: light confinement, frequency dispersion and spatial dispersion.First, I describe the latest status and impact of ultra-strong light confinement in a wavelength-cubic volume achieved in photonic crystals.Second, the extreme reduction in the speed of light is reported, which was achieved as a result of frequency dispersion management.Third, strange negative refraction in photonic crystals is introduced, which results from their unique spatial dispersion, and it is clarified how this leads to perfect imaging.The last two sections are devoted to applications of these novel properties.First, I report the fact that strong light confinement and huge light-matter interaction enhancement make strongly modulated photonic crystals promising for on-chip all-optical processing, and present several examples including all-optical switches/memories and optical logics.As a second application, it is shown that the strong light confinement and slow light in strongly modulated photonic crystals enable the adiabatic tuning of light, which leads to various novel ways of controlling light, such as adiabatic frequency conversion, efficient optomechanics systems, photon memories and photons pinning.